Banjarmasin

Banjarmasin is the capital of the province Indonesia of the Kalimantan of the South.

History

The Hikayat Banjar (" history of Banjar"), still called " History of Lambung Mangkurat" , in Malayan is a chronicle, of which the last part was written in 1663. The first part is older. This chronicle tells the history of kings de Banjar in the south-east of Borneo and Kota Waringin in the south of the island, and recalls the origin of the settlement of the south-east of Borneo by the Malayan ones.

Banjarmasin appears among the " regions tributaires" kingdom of Majapahit in the east of Java which the Nagarakertagama quotes, a poem epic writes in 1365 at the time of king Hayam Wuruk (reign 1350-89). One in any case found vestiges of the Majapahit time in the province.

The Islamization of Banjarmasin is supported by the rise of the Moslem kingdom of Demak on the northern coast of Java at the beginning of XVIe century. The VOC ( Vereenigde Oostindische Company or “Dutch Company of the Eastern Indies”) there opens a counter in 1606. In the years 1620, the Agung Sultan of Mataram in Java wants to tackle Banjarmasin and request the naval support of the VOC, which refuses it to him. Banjarmasin will become finally vassal of Mataram but will free itself some in 1659.

In 1733, a fleet of Bugis pirates attacks without Banjarmasin success. The decline of the VOC at the end of the XVIIIe century allows a rebirth of the Asian, Moslem and Chinese sales networks, supporting the development of Banjarmasin.

In 1800, the Dutch government takes again the credits of the VOC, declared in bankruptcy. From 1815, the Dutchmen fight the " pirates malais" who plunder in particular the coasts of Java. These campaigns serve as a pretext for attack the Malayan sultanates, of which Banjarmasin. Between the 1817 and 1821 sultan must yield territories to the Dutchmen, who start to work there coal mines in 1846. In 1859 country prince Antasari and two leaders attack a Dutch mine. The rebellion is repressed but the Dutchmen seize this pretext to deposit the sultan and to take the direct control of the territory.

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