Bagad

A bagad is a musical formation Breton inspired by the Scottish Pipe band . It is made up of three Pupitre S: Bagpipe braz (Scottish Bagpipe), bombards and percussion. According to the importance of the bagad, the desk percussion can be organized in a desk of traditional percussions (clear cases, battery) and one of nontraditional percussions.

Etymology

Bagad means “group” in Breton. In this case, it is the abbreviation of bagad rear sonerion (group of Sonneur S ).

A Commonplace wants that the word bagad would come from bag , the boat. A bagad one “would thus be barquée”, a “boatload” (together of the embarked people). However there exist two words bagad into Breton: one, female, which indicates one “barquée” (because bag , boat, is female into Breton) and thus transfers, while the other, male, indicates a group, a troop, a herd. Compare ur v agad (a boatload) and ur B agad (a troop). If bagad /barque comes from the word bag , bagad /troupe comes from the Breton old man bacat (cf the Welsh bagad , Cornique bagas and the Gaulois bacaudae which gave the term Bagaudes). The word bag (boat) is a loan with the Romance vat (bucket) which itself comes from Latin baccum (container).

In the plural, bagad becomes bagadoù , but agrees from French rule differently: preceded by a cardinal ('' mor has vagad ''), how much ('' the developing countries bagad? ''), a number ('' tri bagad '')… the words into Breton do not take the mark of the Pluriel. To respect the Breton form, one can thus say bagadoù , but it is necessary to say: 2 bagad (S).

History

The bagad is a recent formation, the very first regrouping of bell ringers is the KAV (rear Kenvreuriezh Viniaouerien) created by Herve Menn, in 1932, in the Breton medium of Paris. With in the chair Charles Pletsier, the KAV evolved/moved to become the bagad to date to be only played in formation associating bombards and bagpipe kozh (instead of bagpipe braz; the bagpipe kozh playing octave, the agreement of the instruments is much more difficult to realize); the challenge remains to be raised.

In 1943, rear Bodadeg Sonerion is created with the congress of the Celtic Institute of Brittany. It will be the spearhead of the development of the bagadoù in Brittany. The first musical camp is held in September 1943, with Gouézec, with 23 pupils. In 1946, Dorig Voyer becomes about it president and Polig Montjarret the secretary.

In 1947 creates for itself an abstract bagad with 71e IH of Dinan (Coast-with Armor) by some musicians making their military service. The civil first bagad, Paotred Hent-houarn (the guy of the railroad), is created in 1947 by railwaymen of Carhaix (Finistere) who take thereafter the name of Kevrenn of the Railwaymen of Carhaix . Their first procession takes place in June 1947 at the time of the fète Tower of Auvergne with Carhaix.

Born from the inspiration of the Scottish Pipe-band associating bagpipes and percussions (clear cases Scottish, Tom S and Large case, the bagad includes/understands also a desk of bombards S. the pipe bands structured their music in a rather formal way, the bagadoù did not follow them in this way, and that gives a more important diversity, at the same time in the interpreted airs and the styles of play. A diversity that they also owe with the presence of the bombards S having a tessiture more extended than that of the bagpipes, more largely opening the ways of the Polyphonie. Today their repertories explore the totality of the richnesses of the Breton inheritance - airs to be gone, dances, melodies - and, since research of Kevrenn Brest Sant-Mark as from the years 1970, they more and more often associate sound complements, adding different percussions (djembé, battery rock'n'roll, percussions South American, etc), bombards S more serious, the bagpipe '' kozh '' from time to time and sometimes, in representations in concert, electric organs or any other instrument bringing a color complementary to their music (coppers, flutes, low whistle , Uilleann pipes , Guitar S and low electric, etc).

The presence of bombards S and the less military style makes the music of bagad very different from that of their model (the pipe band).

The question announces debate if one can speak about traditional formation for an organization created around the 2nd World war. If it does not have the seniority of the Breton language, certain Breton dances or traditional costume, the movement of the bagadoù enjoys a very current popular success. Its vitality, its opening and its youth contribute to the transmission and even to the revival of the Breton culture in general, and the Breton Musique in particular.

Organization

Polig Montjarret and Dorig Voyer played a paramount role in the development of the music of bagad and its federations.

The majority of the bagadoù gather within the LOW federation, rear Bodadeg Sonerion (Parliament of the bell ringers). The LOW federation is divided into six sections: five departmental sections, and the section LOW Divroët (“expatriate”, into Breton) which gathers the bagadoù out of Brittany. The majority of the formations are made up amateurs, of very musical high level for some.

In front of the success of the formations, some bagadoù created to them bagadig (“small bagad”), place of training for the newcomers and springboard towards the bagad.

The bagad is directed by a PEN-to sound (literally “bell ringer as a chief” into Breton). The various desks are directed by a PEN-talabarder for the bombards S, a PEN-biniaouer for the Cornemuse S and a PEN-tabouliner for the percussions. This last divides between the more traditional clear cases Scottish on the one hand and percussions (cymbals and barrels) of the other.

Sometimes the bagad is associated with a Celtic Cercle (group of dancers). This association is more frequent out of Brittany. The most known examples are the Kevrenn Alre of Auray, the Kerlenn Pondi of Pontivy and the group Quic In Groigne of Malo Saint.

Contests

Contests make it possible to establish a classification of the bagadoù in five categories (the first being that whose level is the best - to see classification below).

The first four categories occur twice a year in contest:

  • the contests of spring proceed in different cities according to the categories. At the conclusion of this contest, each category is divided into two: first half is named has, second is named B. the continuations suggested by the bagadoù are based on geographical surfaces (called soils ) from which the pieces must be extracted. The various soils are:

1) Bro Vigouden - Bro It hlazig - Swallow-hole - Rouzig

2) Menezioù - Fisel - rear Kost It hoad

3) Pagan - Bro Leon - Plougastell - Kernevodez - PEN Sardin - rear Bro It hap - Kraozon

4) Pourlet - Bro Pondi - Bro Wened

5) Bro To ripple - Fañch - Goueloù

6) Vannetais Gallo - Mitau - Brière - Paludier

7) Loudéac - Carried out - Penthièvre - Poudouvre - Closed Chicken - Coglais - Country of Fraud and Basin Of Rennes

8) Chateaubriant - Mée - the Southern Loire - Country of Retz - the Vineyard - Ancenis

  • finales: the bagadoù meet in the form of tuilage according to: 1A ( Maout ), 1B/2A, 2B/3A, 3B/4.
First half of the bagadoù of 1st category of the contest known as " contest of prinptemps" , therefore the 1A, play to gain the Maout trophy and thus the championship of Brittany (one can even say world) to the contest of Lorient.

  • Change of category: the change of category is done compared to the general classification (see below) which is based on the last six contests of the group.

The fifth category has a different operation: the groups meet once per annum, the day is divided into two times, the qualifications (three hens) and the final (three first of each hen), the rises higher category are with the appreciation of the jury.

Places of the contests of summer:

  • 5th category: The " Bagadañs " July 14th with Carhaix

  • 1B/2A : Festival interceltic of Lorient, first weekend of August.

  • Maout : Festival interceltic of Lorient, first weekend of August.

List bagadoù by category

In the order of the LOW classification 2007.

First category

Second category

Third category

Fourth category

  • Bagad Roanne (Roanne)

  • Bagadig Roñsed-Mor (Locoal-Mendon) Site of Bagad Roñsed-Mor
  • Bagadig Kerlenn Pondi (Pontivy) Site of Kerlenn Pondi]
  • Bagad Festerion Ar Brug Pluneret (Pluneret)
  • Bagad Plomodiern (Plomodiern)
  • Bagad Armor Ker Vourdel (Bordeaux) http://www.bagad-ker-vourdel.org/
  • Bagad Kevrenn Blouarzel (Ploërmel)
  • Bagad Ar Balan Aour (Bannalec) HTTP: /www.arbanalaour.org
  • Bagad Kelc' H Keltiek Kombrid (Combrit) http://b3k.free.fr/
  • Bagadig Sonerien Year Oriant (Lorient)
  • Bagad Sonerien Planvour (Ploemeur)
  • Bagad Year Eor Of the (Ploudalmézeau)
  • Bagad Sant Brieg (Saint-Brieuc)
  • Bagad War Zu An Oabl (Saint-Gregoire) Site of Bagad War Zu An Oabl
  • Bagad Transfer-Saint-Lô (Saint-Lo, Transfers)
  • Bagad Yaouankiz Brest Sant Mark (Brest) Site of Bagad Yaouankiz Brest Sant Mark
  • Bagad Marionick rear Faoued (Faouët) Site of Bagad Marionick rear Faoued
  • Bagad Hiziv Bro Hen Bont (Hennebont)

Fifth category

  • Bagad Loudeac (Loudéac) Site of Bagad Loudeac

  • Bagadig Cape Caval (Plomeur) Site of Bagad Cape Caval
  • Bagadig Penhars (Quimper)
  • Bagad Aùel Douar (Malestroit) Site of Bgad Aùel Douar de Malestroit
  • Bagad Erge Vras (Ergué-Gabéric)
  • Bagad Spezet (Spézet)
  • Bagad Douar ha Mor (Richardais) Site of Bagad Douar ha Mor
  • Bagad Naoned (Nantes) Site of Bagad Naoned
  • Bagad Roazhon (Rennes)
  • Bagadig Mouez Ar Mor Plougastel (Plougastel-Daoulas)
  • Bagadig Perros (Perros-Guirec)
  • Bagad Pagan (Guissény)
  • Kevrenn Bro Logunec' H (Locminé)
  • Bagadig Alre (Auray) Site of Bagadig Alre
  • Bagadig Landerne (Landerneau) Site of Bagad Landerne
  • Bagad Kastell-Geron (Châteaugiron)
  • Bagad Brieg (Briec-with-the Odet) Site of Bagad Brieg
  • Bagad Arvorizion Karnag (Carnac) Site of Bagad Arvorizion Karnag
  • Bagad Dalc' H chechmate (Athis-Mons, the Essonne) Site of Bagad Dalc' H Chechmate
  • Bagadig Saozon Sevigneg (Cesson-Sévigné)
  • Bagadig Beuzeg Ar It hab (Beuzec Cape Sizun) Site of Bagadig Beuzeg Ar It hab
  • Bagadig Ar Meilhoù Glaz (Quimper) Site of Bagadig Ar Meilhoù Glaz
  • Bagadig Porh Loeiz (Port-Louis)
  • Bagad Pariz rear Ti Vretoned (Bagad of Paris) Site of Bagad Pariz rear Ti Vretoned
  • Bagad Nominoë Redon (Redon) Site of Bagad Nominoë of the country of redon
  • Bagad Montfort-on-Meu (Montfort-on-Meu)

Others bagadoù

In Brittany

Except Brittany (Divroet)

Transitory or disappeared independent groups

Groups in concert:

  • Bagad Men ha Tan
  • Bagadoù of the Thunder
  • Bagad of Extrème

Military groups:

  • Bagad Ti Vougeret (Châteaulin) (Army)
  • Holy Bagad Mandrier 77. In 1977: crash landing of Nordatlas which transported the bell ringers. 17 of the 24 members whom Bagad counted died in the crash landing. Bagad was reconstituted then. (French national marine)

Bagadoù:

  • Bagad Bleimor (Paris, Lorient, Holy Eloy)
  • Bagad Brest Ar Flamm (Brest)
  • Kevrenn of Rennes (Rennes)

Champions of Brittany of 1st category since 1949

The most titrated groups

  1. Kevrenn It hlazig then Bagad Kemper (Quimper) 18 titles
  2. Kevrenn Brest Sant Mark 11 titles
  3. Kevrenn Alre (Auray) 8 titles
  4. Kevrenn of Rennes then Bagad Kadoudal - Rennes 5 titles
  5. Bagad Roñsed Mor (Locoal-Mendon) 4 titles
  6. Bagad Bleimor 4 titles
  7. Kevrenn Kemperlé then Bagad Bro Kemperlé (Quimperlé) 2 titles
  8. Bagad Brest Ar Flamm 2 titles
  9. Bagad Koad Serc' Ho (Morlaix) 2 titles
  10. Kevrenn Paotred Year Hent Houarn (Carhaix) 2 titles
  11. Kerlenn Pondi (Pontivy) 1 title
  12. Bagad Brieg (Briec) 1 title

References

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