Auvergnat

Definition

The auvergnat is a dialectal variety of the Langue of oc. He is spoken primarily in Auvergne.

Geographical distribution

The limits of the auvergnat do not coincide with those of the current area of Auvergne nor with those of the traditional province of Auvergne.

They include:

all the Department of the Puy-de-Dôme;
a good part of the Department of the Cantal: approximately the district of Saint-Flour and that of Mauriac (while the district of Aurillac and the canton of Pierrefort speak a form about guyennais with conjugations auvergnates);
most of the Haute-Loire (except Yssingeaux which speaks Vivaro-alpine);
the southern half of the Department To combine it or province of the Bourbonnais, towards Montlucon and Vichy (the northern half, towards Mills, is traditionally of language French E);
a broad fringe in the east of the the Limousin, in the department of the Corrèze, towards Custom and Bort-the-Organ. It is about a zone of transition between the dialects auvergnat and the Limousin;
communes of Noirétable and Chamba, in the west of the department of the the Loire.

If one leaves the framework of the current area of Auvergne, one thus speaks oc everywhere, except in the north Allier which is of Langue of oil.

Vitality and awareness linguistic

One can have an idea of the degree of vitality of the auvergnat according to a survey of 2006, carried out in the area Auvergne.

The most widespread denomination for one or the other of the two spoken languages in area Auvergne is the term patois (78% of the population) at the side of more regionalized terms, a certain conscience of the cultural identities emerging through denominations such as auvergnat (10%), occitan (8%), bourbonnais (5%) or language of oc (4%).

The regional language, that it is of oc (in the whole of the Auvergne area) or of oil (in north Allier), represents a strong reality of the area:

61% states to understand more or less well their regional language including 22% easily or perfectly;
42% states knowledge to speak it more or less well including 12% easily;
29% declares more or less well the lira including 10% rather easily;
17% states to write it more or less well including 4% easily.

Unfortunately a good part of the population which includes/understands or speaks a little or usually, cannot read nor even less to write.

The transmission of the language is done essentially in family setting (grandparents with 61%, or the entourage with 50%) with a very weak share by the institutionalized network which is the school (10%). Here the difficulty of the role of the State in this one arises since 40% of people who did not learn the language with their children now regret having done it. This regret is even stronger at the rising generations (58% at less than 35 years). Moreover the wish to learn is very present. It is strongest at less than 35 years (23%). The desire to see the language being proposed at the school is strongest in the following departments: Haute-Loire (53%), Puy-de-Dôme (51%) and Cantal (74%). The wish that his/her own children learn the language is very strong (41%) and is reinforced at the young generations (58% at less than 35 years). 71% of the inhabitants of the area are declared favorable to the maintenance and the development of the language and the culture regional, still more at less than 35 years (76%). With this intention, they wish to see various institutions playing their part:

France 3 Auvergne should propose emissions in regional language with 54%;
the area (54%), State education (43%), the ministry for the culture (42%) and the communes are seen by the inhabitants of Auvergne as being the actors legitimately in having to transmit and develop their language and their culture.

Classifications of the auvergnat: language and dialects

Within the occitan, certain linguists include the auvergnat in a dialectal group North-occitan , jointly with the the Limousin and the Vivaro-alpine .

One distinguishes two principal varieties from the auvergnat:

the north-auvergnat (or bas-auvergnat ) in the Puy-de-Dôme and the To combine (Bourbonnais) and the Haute-Loire in the north of Brioude.

In the south To combine it (Bourbonnais), north-auvergnat knows a local variety which received particularly strong influences of the French, but the linguistic features auvergnats remain dominant there. This zone of transition into French, whom one calls the Growing, includes also the northern fringe of the field the Limousin. See also the article bourbonnais.

the south-auvergnat (or haut-auvergnat ) in the Cantal, the Haute-Loire (with part of the Ardeche and most of the Lozere).

The thesis according to which the auvergnat would be a independent Langue, distinct from the occitan, found little echo among the linguists, and in particular among the specialities of Romance linguistics . It is more particularly defended by the partisans of the Norme bonnaudienne which was developed specifically for the auvergnat.

Orthographies

The auvergnat is written under three concurrent writings.

the neo-classic standard , invented by Louis Alibert, proposes a system which wants to be convergent between the auvergnat and the other dialects of oc, and which refuses all particularisms except for palatalization cha . It is rejected by many Auvergnats which sees there an attempt at standardization of their language, all at the same time of external origin (Languedocien), and unsuited to its characteristics.

the Standard bonnaudienne or writing auvergnate unified (WATER) appeared in 1973. It is a voluntary rupture with the traditional standard. Its principal promoter is Pierre Bonnaud, which directs the Cercle Ground of Auvergne. This system proposes a standard exclusively centered on space auvergnat.

the modern orthography, used since the year 1600, is the continuation of the C-W communication of the traditional time but by taking account of the change of pronunciation of the vowels.

Before 1600 one wrote: " the amor be strong E poderos" After 1600 one writes: " the love be strong E pouderous".

Reviews

The only review with regular publication in auvergnat is " Cabreta" who appears every two months in Aurillac. She is written with hundred percent in language of oc, mainly in aurillacois, and minoritairement in auvergnat. But there are articles in auvergnat strictly speaking in each number.

That it is in aurillacois or auvergnat, Cabreta is with more than 80% in neo-classic orthography and to 15 to 20% in modern orthography.

In low Auvergne the review " appears; Bizà Neirà" , very irregular in its publication, and mainly in French. The auvergnate part is in " C-W communication arverne".

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