Aufseherin

Aufseherin is the German term to designate a guardian S in the concentration camps Nazi S.

These women generally came from the social classes low with average and often had little track records. The first were prison wardresses beginners, hairdressers, the contractual ones, singers of opera but also of teaching with the retirement, etc These sincere volunteers had noticed classifieds in the German newspapers which required women wanting to show their love for the Reich and to join the SS-Gefolge organization (similar to the S for the women but which was different from that of the S whose conscription was obligatory).

At the beginning, in 1938, these women were involved with Lichtenburg. After 1939, they were involved with the camp of Ravensbrück close to Berlin.

In 1942, the first guardians coming from Ravensbrück arrived at Auschwitz and Majdanek. The following year, the Nazis began the conscription of women because of the shortage of guards. Later during the war, of the women also involved themselves on a less scale in the camps of Neuengamme, Auschwitz (I, II and III), Plaszow, Flossenbürg, Large-Rosen, Vught and Stutthof.

The number of Aufseherinnen was generally low. Of the 55.000 guards who were useful in the camps, only 3.600 were women. And no guardian been useful forever in the death camps of Belzec, Sobibór, Treblinka or Chelmno.

Seven Aufseherinnen were used for Vught, twenty-four were used for Buchenwald, thirty-four with Bergen-Belsen, nineteen with Dachau, twenty with Mauthausen, three with Gilded-Mittelbau, seven with Natzweiler-Struthof, twenty with Majdanek, 200 with additional Auschwitz and its camps, 140 with Sachsenhausen, 158 with Neuengamme, forty seven with Stutthof, to compare with the 958 which were used for Ravensbrück, 561 with Flossenbürg and 541 with Large-Rosen. Much of supervising worked in the additional camps in Germany, some in France, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland.

If Aufseherin were shown without pity, it was promoted with the ranks of Rapportaufseherin (Aufseherin Chief), Erstaufseherin (First guardian), Lagerführerin (Chief of camp high social position) or Oberaufseherin (Inspector senior very high social position). More the high ranking ever reached was it by two women, Anna Klein and Luise Brunner, and it was the rank of Chief Oberaufseherin (Inspector senior as a chief). But no guardian could give orders to a man whatever the circumstances. And no guardian forever reached the rank of commander in the system concentrationnaire. They were either of row equivalent to the men, or under their authority. Ravensbrück was the only strictly female camp, it was directed per much S which was assisted by some supervising.

Camps, names and ranks

the chief supervising with Allendorf was Kaethe Hoern; with Auschwitz Johanna Langefeld, Maria Mandel, Margot Dreschel, Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath.
has Belzig, the chief of the guardians was Hedwig Ullrich.
has Bergen-Belsen, both supervising were Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath while Herta Ehlert was useful like assistant guardian.
Lagerführerin Kuegler was used as chief of the additional camp as Bolkenhain.
Johanna Wisotzki was Oberaufseherin with Bromberg Ost while Ilse Koch was salaried guardian chief with Buchenwald.
In the additional camp of Danzig Langfuhr, Gerda Steinhoff ordered all supervising them and off-set, with Gilded-Mittelbau, it was Erna Petermann.
With the additional camp of Ravensbrück, Dresden Universal, Charlotte Hanakam was chief supervising and to Flossenbürg, this rank was given to three women at three different times; Gertrud Becker, Gilded Lange and Gertrud Weniger.
In the auxiliary camp of Graslitz, Marianne Essmann was promoted guardian as a chief, with Large-Rosen, Jane Bernigau, for Gruenberg, Anna Viebeg was used as Oberaufseherin chief, while Anna Jahn and Hela Milefski was useful like Lagerleiterinnen as a second (directors of camp remplaçantes).
has Gruschwitz-Neusalz, camp annexes Large-Rosen, Elisabeth Gersch had the load of it, in Hamburg- Wandsbek, Annemie von der Huelst.
the additional camp of Hanau in Germany was supervised by the chief supervising Lydia Neudert.
has Helmbrechts, an additional camp of Flossenbürg builds close to Hof Germany, originally Martha Dell' Antonia was with the head of more than twenty-two guardians. At the end of 1944, it was replaced by the amante of the commander Doerr, Herta Hegel.
has Hirtenberg, Jane Bernigau served some time as chief supervising, with Holleischen, Dora Lange.
the tiny camp additional of Kratzau II in Poland was supervised by Gertrud Becker, Lenzing by Lagerführerin Schmidt and Oberaufseherin Margarete Freinberger.
Majdanek was supervised by Elsa Erik, assisted by the assistant chiefs supervising Hermine Braunsteiner, Else Weber, Redeli, Ellert and Elisabeth Knoblich.
Mauthausen was supervised more than two years by two women, Jane Bernigau and Margarete Freinberger.
Neuengamme in Germany of North was supervised by the chiefs guardians Annemie von der Huelst and Inge Marggot Weber while a named woman “Anna” ordered the additional camp of Nurnberg-Siemens.
has Oberalstadt, Irmgard Hoffmann was Lagerführerin.
has Obernheide, Gertrud Heise was the chief of seven women S, with Oederan, Dora Lange and with Plaszow, Alice Orlowski.
Ravensbrück was the training ground of the guardians. As chiefs of these guardians, there was Jane Bernigau, Margarete Gallinat, a named woman Small, Maria Mandel, Johanna Langefeld, Greta Boesel, Else Grabner, Kaethe Hoern, Erna Pink, Anna Klein, while Dorothea Binz was used to them as assistant.
Rochlitz was supervised by Marianne Essmann, Sachsenhausen by Ilse Koch and later by Hilde Schlusser and Anna Klein.
Of the generals S of Stutthof promoted Johanna Wisotzki and Gerda Steinhoff with the rank of supervising as a chief, while to the Concentration camp of Theresienstadt this rank was given to Hildegard Neumann.
vicious and cruel the Ruth Closius supervised Uckermark, Margarete Gallinat supervised with Vught, Susanne Hille was chief of the guardians with Unterlüss and Hilde Hahn supervised in the additional camp of Flossenbürg, Zwodau.

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