Aude

See also: Aude (homonymy)

The department of the Aude (11) is a French Département of the area Languedoc-Roussillon, whose name comes from the coastal river the Aude. This department is in the south of France and has as a chief town Carcassonne, famous thanks to its quoted, a medieval strengthened city with double rampart preserved very well. The Aude presents many landscapes and an inheritance rich and varied supporting tourism in full expansion.

History

First men

Human traces are found in the department towards: 1500000 years front J. - C. in the form of strikers and of the tools worked on the hillock of Grazailles to Carcassonne. But the most interesting discovery is that of cranium of the Homme of Tautavel made by Henry de Lumley. It is the oldest cranium known in Europe. It goes back to approximately: 450000 years front J. - C.

Other traces are visible in the caves close to Gruissan or Port-la-Nouvelle. But it is between: 6000 and: 1800 years front J. - C. that one starts to find of the religious monuments like the megalithic burial of Russol or menhirs of Counozouls, Malves and Fournes. With the Bronze Age, the Black Montagne becomes an economic center with the extraction of the ore. Exchanges start with the Mediterranean circumference. With the age of iron, the exchanges develop and extend towards the Italy, the Greece and the Spain.

At that time, the territory of the department of the Aude belongs to the confederation of the Volques Tectosages. It is Celtic people which settled in the valley of the the Garonne and which is at the origin of the town of Toulouse. They succeed the Élysique S before the arrival of the Romans.

Roman peace

The Romans directed by the general-consul Domitius Ahenorbarbus are installed first of all with Narbonne in 118 av. J. - C. on the oppidum of Montlaurès which becomes the capital of the province and a very active commercial port. The site is strategic since it is located at the crossroads of the Aquitania way and the Domitia way like in seaside and close to the mouth of the Aude. Carcassonne becomes Latin in 30 av. J. - C. with many cereal farms. During nearly two centuries, the Aude is in peace and the economy of the area very strongly develops.

Agriculture is dominant with the culture of corn and allows the development of the craft industry and the trade. The vineyards appear in the country audois and the wine is marketed in all the Latin country. Lastly, the ore layers of the black Montagne know an important activity. But, the Roman empire is declining and the area knows invasions as of the year 250.

Various occupations

The Visigoth S invaded the country in 435 whereas Flavius Aétius, Roman senator, was occupied repressing the Bagaudes, of the brigands of the Gaulle. In 507, the Bataille of Vouillé gained by Clovis enabled him to conquer Toulouse and Aquitaine but it could not recover the territory of the Aude who remained with the hands of the Visigoths, thanks to the help of the king of the Ostrogoth S, whose troops beat the son of the frank conqueror in 508. The area formed then part of the Septimanie, thus called because it was composed of seven évêchés that the kings Visigoths had established there: Elne, Agde, Narbonne, Lodève, Béziers, Maguelonne and Nimes. Septimanie recovered the Aude but also all the area Languedoc-Roussillon.

At the 8th century, the king of the Burgondes tries 585 with 588 by three attempts to recover the country carcassonnais but fails. On the other hand, the Arabs invade the area in 716. They are driven out by the duke of Aquitaine, Eudes. In 759, the Carlovingiens subject Narbonne and Carcassonne until in 762.

Installation of the counties

In 817, Louis Débonnaire detaches Carcassez and Shave it of Septimanie to join together them with the marquisat of Toulouse and the kingdom of Aquitaine. The first count de Carcassonne, Oliba of the family of the counts de Barcelone, is then set up in 819. The Razès was another county formed by an archbishop of Narbonne, driven out its city by Buckwheats. It there had transported its episcopal see and had gotten for this small country the honors of the feudal title. Narbonne format a third county. Thus, the department of the Aude was formed at the 9th century of three counties: the county of Carcassonne, the county of Razès and the county of Narbonne. In 880, the county of Razès is linked by a marriage with that of Carcassonne to be never again separate about it.

During the Carolingian time, many Abbaye S is built like that of Lagrasse, of Saint-Papoul, Saint-Hilaire, Saint-Polycarpe, Villelongue or Montolieu. One observes the development of many parishes with the installation of an ecclesiastical capacity.

The local seigniories settle little by little in the department of the Aude and the Carolingian capacity disappears. In 904, the county of Carcassonne east held by the count Arnaud. He had three wire to which he shared his States. The elder one was count de Carcassonne under the name of Roger Ier, and had in its turn three wire, of which the second, Bernard-Roger de Foix was the first count de Foix. Roger III dies without children in 1067 and instituted its county for its heiress her Ermengarde sister. The latter hastens to give herself a first guard by marrying Raymond-Bernard Trencavel, Viscount of Albi and Nimes, and a second guard by selling the suzerainty of the county of Carcassonne and Razès to her relative, the count of Barcelona.

Catharism as a Aude

At the 13th century, the area experiences the development of the Catharisme. This religion was very quickly judged like heretic by the Catholic church. And vis-a-vis its major establishment in the counties of Carcassonne and Toulouse, the Innocent pope III lance in 1209 the Crusade against the Albigensians. The barons of north link themselves to form the army of the knights crossed under the orders of Simon de Montfort. While the count of Toulouse Raymond VI receives the discharge, the count of Carcassonne faces only the army. The city of Carcassonne becomes the refuge many cathares.

But Carcassonne falls on August 15th, 1209 after the catch from Béziers. Raimond-Roger Trencavel, Viscount of Carcassonne, is condemned to enfermement for treason and the cathares take refuge in the castles known as cathares like Quéribus, Peyrepertuse, Lastours or Puilaurens. The crusaders attack the various refuges in turn then attack the count of Toulouse. In addition to the county of Carcassonne, it gains the county of Toulouse during the Bataille of Low wall in 1213. The grounds are divided between the lieutenants of Simon de Montfort.

In 1218, the lords occitans try to reconquer their grounds and Simon de Montfort dies during the head office of Toulouse on June 25th 1218. His/her son Arnaud Amaury takes the control of the army of the crusaders. In spite of some sudden starts occitans, the cathares are persecuted via the Traité of Meaux in 1229 and the Inquisition in 1233. The last bastions, the Castle of Montségur and the Château of Quéribus fall in 1255.

In 1258, Languedoc is with the hands of the capétiens and the defense of the southern border is organized vis-a-vis the king Pierre II of Aragon. The old fortresses cathares of the Aude are used as advanced post offices. The enquiry will make tremble the audois until in 1320. Repression, terror and the denouncement are important and out of many people are killed on roughing-hew it. August 24th, 1321, the last faydit Guilhem Bélibaste is burned alive with Villerouge-Termenès.

The Protestant crisis and the economic expansion of the department

In 1561, religious disorders appear with Carcassonne in the form of Protestant crisis. The duke of Montmorency-Damville governor of the State of Languedoc joined reformed. Catholic side, it is the duke Anne of Merry which takes the head of the catholic league. Henri II of Montmorency, wire of the duke, knows the defeat at the time of the Bataille of Castelnaudary in September 1632 against the royal troops. Montmorency becomes the symbol of the Languedocien resistance of the time.

In 1659, the Traité of the Pyrenees fixes the current border causing the abandonment of the Châteaux cathares of the Aude. The end of the conflict with Spain allows an economic advancement of the department. At the 17th century, Pierre-Paul Riquet hollow under the authority of Colbert the Channel of the South between the Mediterranean and Toulouse while crossing the Aude of is in west. These means of communication major as a Aude allow the development of the textile economy, the ore, cereals and the wine. Until the Revolution, the department grows rich.

The creation of the department

The department was created with the French revolution, the March 4th 1790, pursuant to the law of the December 22nd 1789, starting from part of the old province of the Languedoc. The deputies of the three seneschalsies of Carcassonne, Limoux and Castelnaudary agreed to claim changes whatever the order to which they belonged. The majority of the popular companies created in the communes was attached to the Club of the Jacobins, preferably with the Club of Cordeliers. The department of the Aude appeared on January 29th, 1790. Administrative divisions were modified by the law of the 28 pluviôse year 8, which created four districts (Poincaré reduced them to three in 1926) and brought back the number of cantons from 45 to 31.

The 20th century

The Aude knows a strong wine production while the cereals of the Lauragais have great difficulties. But, the department undergoes the overproduction and the price-cutting of the wine. Into 1907, under the impulse of Marcellin Albert and of the mayor of Narbonne, Ernest Ferroul, the wine crisis is transformed into Révolte of the vine growers. That results in creation starting from 1909 many cooperative wine caves audoises.

Geography

The Aude belongs to the area Languedoc-Roussillon. She is bordering on the departments of the the Eastern Pyrenees in the south, of the Ariège in south-west, the Haute-Garonne in the North-West, the Tarn in north and the Herault in the North-East. In the east, the department is bordered by the the Mediterranean (Gulf of Lions) on 47 km. Its surface is of: 6343 km ² what classifies it with the 39e row of the French departments. The Aude is also a Pyrenean department whose culminating point is the Pic Veined 2469 Mr.

Natural areas

In this department Pays are which are natural areas:

Landscapes

Each natural area of the Aude is marked by a particular landscape. Thus, in the east, the Lagoon and the ponds of the littoral form a littoral barrier between the grounds and the sea. They were formed by the accumulation of the sediments brought by the Aude, the Orb and the Herault. This landscape is made up many ponds where water is brackish. The medium is constraining enough for fauna and the flora because it must undergo the attacks of the sea, the sun, drying and the floods. Developed there halophilous plants and it is the privileged place of the animals like the Pink flamingo or the white stilt.

In the east in the grounds, the Maquis and the Garrigue dominate the landscape of the dry zones of the Aude and Corbières. This landscape is resulting from the deforestation and was maintained by the breeding the animals. The flora is varied there and typical. One finds there many species of Orchidée S. the country of Sault is dominated by hêtraies and fir plantations on the mountain floor. These forests are considered by their mushrooms and hold a flora and a rich fauna as the lily of the Pyrenees, the Euprocte or the prêle of wood. In north and the west, the country of the black mountain consists of forests of Chêne S and of Hêtre S. lauragais It consists of a landscape of Bocage where cereal agriculture works the hills. One finds there water levels like the Lac of Ganguise. Lastly, the high valley of the Aude (Razès) is made of a Ripisylve consisted of beeches, alders, poplars or ashes. One finds there some Tourbière S rather rare in the south of France.

Geology

The landscapes are explained thanks to the Géologie of the Aude. In the south, is many crumplings and old rocks who built the the Pyrenees. In north and the center, is sedimentary rocks which settled at the bottom of the valley. To the extreme is, close to the Mediterranean, the rocks crumbled to form the Gulf of Lions.

The black Mountain and Minervois in north consist of Schiste S and Marbre constituting the end of the Massif Central. They are formed old rocks 300 million years ago during the formation of the Chaîne hercynienne. The Mountain of Alaric and the Massif of Mouthoumet are geological structures isolated as a Aude. The Mountain of Alaric is a fold Anticlinal in the shape of vault made up of Calcaire. They are both formed with the formation of the chain of the Pyrenees.

Climate

The climate of the Aude is a climate with dominant Mediterranean. The autumn is characterized by Orage S violent one and rapids. The summer is often hot and dry what is favorable to the culture of the Vigne and of the olive-tree.

But the department is contrasted more. In north, the black mountain and in the south the country of Sault is climates with dominant mountain with temperatures sometimes very low in winter. In the west, the climate is in dominant Aquitaine with more important precipitations while in the east the climate is purely Mediterranean. In the center, in the area limouxine, carcassonnaise and of Razès, the climate is known as intermediary with important exposures to the winds.

The winds are often present in the Aude. It is one of the French departments windiest with 300 to 350 days of wind per annum. This phenomenon is primarily due to the reliefs north and south which form a corridor. In the North-West the Cers blows called Tramontane in Provence which is a ground wind. It is a dry wind and violent one and cold in winter. On the other hand breath the Southerly wind which is hot and wet and comes from the sea in south-east. These regular winds made it possible to install park of wind S as with Avignonet-Lauragais.

Hydrography

The hydrographic network of the Aude is marked by her river same name. It takes its source with the Rock of Aude, crosses the dams Matemale and Puyvalador on the plate of Capcir to 1500 m, then crosses the department of the south to north crossing Axat, Quillan and Limoux while following the high valley of the Aude. With Carcassonne, the river changes direction towards the Mediterranean in the east, where it is thrown to it close to Fleury.

Economy

The primary sector held an important place in the department of the Aude. But since the years 1960, this last is declining.

Agriculture and fishing

The Aude is an agricultural country where the Viticulture dominates in the East with the wines of Corbières or of Clape, in the center with the Minervois and the Côtes of Malpeyre and in the South with the Blanquette of Limoux. In the Lauragais, it is the cereal agriculture which dominates while in the black Montagne only the breeding of Mouton S is possible. Moreover, one recently observes an increase in the culture of olive-tree in order to produce Olive oil.

Port-la-Nouvelle is the first port of fishing of the department followed by the port of Gruissan. In 1996, the Aude counted 127 fishing vessels including 75 in Port-la-Nouvelle and 52 in Gruissan. These ships were distributed as follows:

  • Trawler S: 19 in Port-la-Nouvelle,
  • Tuna boat S: 2 in Port-la-Nouvelle,
  • small trades: 106 including 54 in Port-La-Nouvelle and 52 in Gruissan.
The small trades correspond to boats of the type Barque with only one man fishing in pond or of the boats of the type Vedette fishing off the coasts and taking along to the maximum three people. 85% of the boats of small trades are intended for fishing in pond as in the pond of Thau.

Vine growing

The Viticulture is the first economy of the department. The soils of the Aude are varied and character. The vine growing knew its hours of glory but also great difficulties. Today, it adapted and must still adapt to a market difficult and changing. They are the Greeks who establish the vine as a Aude and the Romans who fix the rights of exploitation. The first vines are planted in the Minervois at the 1st century.

But the vine and the wine are produced only for one everyday usage and of self-sufficiency during years. The cereals and the olive-trees dominated the fertile plains of the Aude. It is at the beginning of the 19th century that the wine develops in the Aude and the remainder of the Languedoc-Roussillon. The wine becomes a consumable current. The outputs are necessary and the vine replaces cereals in the plains. A first boom is important towards 1850 before the Phylloxera makes are appearance towards 1870. At the end of the 19th century, the Aude knows a second period ostentation but the wine crisis starts in 1901 because of an important production, frauds and price-cuttings. It reaches its paroxysm at the time of the Révolte of the vine growers in 1907. The wine growers gather a grouping of co-operators then and organize themselves to avoid the frauds and the fraud. In 1919 then in 1935, a law on AOC is adopted under the impulse of Jean Capus. INAO is consequently set up like organization of control and applications of decrees.

After the second world war, the vineyard is redynamisé and the area lives of a vine growing of mass. The wine is produced in great quantity and satisfies a not very demanding population. It is necessary to provide a product in great quantity for very low price. In 1970, the market evolved/moved replacing the quantity by quality and causing one second wine crisis. Many a demonstration, negotiations and attacks paralyze the area and the economy. Emile Pouytès and CRS Joel Gof dies tragically in Montredon-of-Corbières the on March 4th 1976 during this crisis. A broad evolution of the vine growing audoise is started with a reorganization of the profession and vineyard. Quality must then become the mark of the wine of the Aude.

The Aude has a rich and varied soil. The Sun is very present and makes it possible to produce a wine of quality. Many vintages are present in the going department of the table wines at the AOCS while passing by the local wines and VDQS. One distinguishes seven principal zones from production:

These zones produce various wines like the Blanquette of Limoux, it creaming and chardonnay of Limouxin, the Clape, the Corbières, the Fitou or the Cabardès.

Industry and energy

The industrial activity is strongly represented in the high valley of the Aude especially in the district of Limoux since the end of the 19th century. Today still, the brick factory (group Lafarge) of Limoux is in full expansion.

But since the years 1970, industry knows a rapid decline of traditional industries like the Chaussure or the Chapeau. It is especially present today in the district of Narbonne, in particular with the harbor installations and the oil terminals of Port-la-Nouvelle.

Starting from 1889, the high valley of the Aude makes important great strides of the Hydroélectricité. It was even the first department in the transport and the production of hydroelectricity thanks to the factory of Alet and Quillan. Under the impulse of Joachim Estrade was created the southernmost Société of transport of force (SMTF) which becomes the first company of electricity in France in 1901. The factory of Axat-Saint-Georges fed the town of Carcassonne and Narbonne with 20 thousand volts.

Today, the department of the Aude is the first department with regard to the number of wind S installed. There exist 113 wind mills under operation. They produce approximately 91 MW what represents the domestic consumption of electricity of approximately: 100000 people. With the multiplication of these installations, the prefecture seeks to set up in dialog with all actors (inhabitants, industrialists, etc) a charter of good behavior on the wind one.

Craft industry

The Artisanat is very well represented in the Aude. It occupies more than 14,6% of the active population. It represents: 5400 companies in 250 trades which carry out a turnover of 3 billion francs.

Demography

The inhabitants of the Aude are the Audois . The census of 1990 confirms a growth of the population of the Aude since the years 1960 with approximately 700 inhabitants moreover per annum. This growth is explained by the return of reprocessed of more than 60 years in their area of origin and by the arrival of an immigrant population from the Mediterranean basin.

With the last census, the population of the Aude accounts for 0,5% of the French population and 14,1% of the population of Languedoc-Roussillon. She is primarily rural with a density of 48 inhabitants to the km ² is twice less than the national average. The two principal cities, Carcassonne and Narbonne, are medium-sized cities gathering only one third of the inhabitants of the department.

Evolution of the population since 1975: For 2005, it acts of an estimate.

Transport

Two road main roads cross the department of the Aude. West in the east, the Highway of the Two Seas or A61 makes it possible to join Toulouse and Narbonne while passing by the prefecture of the Aude, Carcassonne. North in the south, while following the Mediterranean coast, the highway A9 makes it possible to join the Spain towards the south and Montpellier towards north.

The rail network follows the same way as the highway network. It is made up that of a network at low speed but a construction project of a line at high speed in progress to join the Spain within the framework of the Railway network transeuropéen (RTE).

Lastly, the Aude is crossed by the Canal of the South which is a tourist major river axis making it possible to pass from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean. It penetrates in the west in the Aude on the level of the Seuil of Naurouze then joined the Mediterranean on the level of Sète.

Policy

The population of the Aude expresses royalist opinions until the end of the Restauration. In 1830, the republican ideas progress and will make of this department a bastion of the left . This progression is symbolized by two men Armand Barbès and Theophilus Marcou. Armand Barbès seems the symbol of the combat for a social Democratic republic.

It is in the Aude that François Mitterrand makes his best score.

  • List of the deputies of the Aude

  • List of the senators of the Aude
  • List of the general advisers of the Aude
  • List of the prefects of the Aude

Education

The department of the Aude counts 367 establishments in the first degree what represents 30.055 pupils in 2005. Between 2000 and 2006, manpower of the primary education regularly increased passing from 28.331 pupils with 30.489 pupils. In the secondary, the department deducts 31 colleges and 17 colleges public and private for approximately 23.000 pupils in 2006.

Education audoise is marked by the teaching of the Occitan.

Culture

Festivals and traditions

The Carnaval of Limoux is the festival of the country audois which is held during more than ten weeks. It is one of longest the Carnaval S of the world. It is held in the town of Limoux on the place of the Republic all the weekends of mid-January at the end of March. It is characterized by bands in costumes of pierrot (fécos) accompanied musicians. In the area limouxine, a great festival of the gastronomy, Hats and bell-towers organized by the vine growers of Sieurs d' Arques, proceeds the weekend of the Branches. It makes it possible to sell a great quantity of wines in order to restore the local inheritance.

Sport

The Rugby to XV is a sport very practiced as a Aude. It appears at the beginning of the 20th century and the club Custom-Quillan dominates the end of the year 1920. Jean Bourrel gains the title in 1929 vis-a-vis Lézignan. The team of Carcassonne will be leader after the second world war. But recently, Rugby with XV audois badly had to be essential in a sport which was mondialisé and professionnalisé. The team of Narbonne (the Racing-Club-Narbonne-Mediterranean) evolves/moves all the same in Signal 16. The Aude is the ground of the Rugby to XIII and the teams of Limoux, Carcassonne and Lézignan evolve/move in the elite. Puig-Aubert was a player emblematic of the Rugby with thirteen which played ACE Carcassonne.

Gastronomy

The fricassee of pig or fréginat is present in all the villages and the campaigns. It is made meat pig and of fricassés liver of pig. On the littoral audois, the borrida of eels were a dish of choice. Finally the Cassoulet of Castelnaudary makes containing haricot bean and of pork-butchery is the typical dish of the Aude.

Other specialities exist like oysters of Gruissan and Leucate. The olive oil is also a product very widespread in the Aude and made the speciality of Bize-Minervois. The cartagene is a liqueur wine marketed by some producers. Lastly, the Blanquette of Limoux is a white wine sparkling very appreciated in the department, whose origin goes back to the 16th century.

Language occitane

The language occitane is still spoken in the Aude in her Languedocien alternative. It belongs to the territory of the Langue of oc. The language occitane appeared during the Early middle ages starting from Latin of use in the south of the Gaulle. The name of the department says Aude in Occitan.

In the Aude, the occitan is very little used in a way written before the 11th century. But several poets and Troubadour S as Raimon de Miraval use the language based on the courtly love at the 12th century and the 13th century. With the S, the language of oc is used to write the local administrative writings. At the 16th century, the language of oc is used with the profit of the language of the king, French, of which the use is made compulsory by the edict of Villers-Cotterêts in 1539. She survives however very well in the population until the 19th century and the introduction of the public school and obligatory in French.

In the years 1970 and 1980, new claims appear with the combat for the dignity of the language and its teaching. The speech occitanist touches a widened public and singers like Claudi Marti or Mans de Brèish or Sauze preach the use of the occitan. Its place in teaching is very discussed.

Tourism

The Aude is a tourist department having an important cultural heritage and very varied natural sites. Since the years 1990, the Aude developed the attraction of her territory while misant on the development of publicity around the Catharisme. The Aude was thus named Pays Cathare by the General advice in order to mark the authentic and mysterious character department, in particular with her many Châteaux cathares.

But, tourism is also favoured thanks to a hotel park all categories of: 313500 beds available to the year. The Aude estimates her tourist frequentation at: 17000000 nights in 2005 for a turnover of: 600000000 euros allowing to occupy: 5800 direct uses and: 9500 seasonal employment.

In a very limited sector of the valley of Orbiel, the department had punctually problems of Pollution because of its mine S of Or unused (mercury and Arsenic).

Country houses, castles and abbeys of the Aude

The Aude has about fifteen country house S which was built after the Traité of Meaux in 1229 when the area is attached to the crown capétienne. The country house is a type of urbanization based on a squaring created of only one jet and placed on a new site without construction. the goal of such construction is to weaken the local lords and to attract the population towards new economic centers. These country houses return in competition with the castraux villages centered on an ecclesiastical capacity or seigneurial. Chalabre, Camp-on-the Agly, country house Saint-Louis with Carcassonne are examples of country houses of the Aude.

The department has also many Château X which is strongly emphasized by the general advice of the Aude in order to stimulate tourism. Thus, the mark Pays Cathare emphasizes the Châteaux cathares of the Aude. One finds many fortresses whose architecture and history evolved/moved much during the centuries. They are often located on rock pitons like the Château of Quéribus or the Châteaux of Lastours giving them a strategic position. A site exceptional and impossible to circumvent of the Aude is the Cité of Carcassonne which was the logistic center of the country at the time of the conflicts with the Royaume of Aragon.

Many abbeys are dispersed in the department of the Aude. Most known is the Abbaye of Fontfroide, but there are other quite as radiant like the Abbaye Sainte-Marie de Lagrasse, the Abbaye Sainte-Marie de Villelongue or the Abbaye of Saint-Hilaire.

Speleology

The Aude holds many natural and underground cavities which offer pretty courses of Spéléologie. The country of Sault consists of Calcaire, one of the vastest zone of the the Pyrenees, favorable to the formation of cavities. One finds many barrenc there the local name for the Gouffre S. This plate shelters in particular a cave the TM71 which is a superb cavity classified like Natural reserve since 1987. It is a single case in France.

Other natural cavities of the Aude contain Concrétion S like the Gouffre of Cabrespine, the Grotte of Aguzou or the Grotte of Limousis. The latter contains the largest block of Aragonite discovered. In the solid mass of Corbières, on the plate of Lacamp, is formed particular cavities of detrital rocks (marnes, clays and conglomerates) dug by the erosion.

The Aude in art

With the cinema

All the diversity of the landscape, its authenticity and the singularity of its monuments attracted many scenario writers. Thus, the Cité of Carcassonne is the place of many turnings. The perfect state preserved of this city indeed offers decorations dreamed for historical films. In 1908, the scenario writers forsake the decorations on fabric and Louis Feuillade films in front of the towers of the city for the return of cross the , oath of engagement or the magic guitar . In 1924, films with large means are produced like the miracle of the wolves of Raymond Bernard. In 1928, for the bimillenary of the city of Carcassonne, Jean Renoir turns the Tournament .

More recently, the castle comtal of the city is used as decoration for the visitors of Jean-Marie Poiré in 1992 while the Château of Puivert is used in the ninth door of Roman Polanski in 1999. The beach of Gruissan is used as decoration for 37°2 the morning in 1986 by Jean-Jacques Beineix.

Seen by the painters

As for the cinema, it is the Cité of Carcassonne which attracted the great painters. Jacques Ourtal is that which painted more the city while trying to reproduce the city at various times. Originating in Fontiers-Cabardès, the painter audois Eugene Pech represented many times of paintings of the city now dispersed in various public collections and deprived. One can find the four times of the City all the same being used as decorations for " the hotel of Cité".

Another artist audoise, Marie-Louise Petiet, is known for his retranscription of scenes of the popular life like the commercial one of oranges or the young girl with the geese . Several of its works are visible with the Petiet museum of Limoux. the washing machines representing a scene of lesson of Blanchisserie is particularly remarkable and known. Lastly, during the same period, Paul Sibra paints many landscapes of the Aude with paintings of the Corbières, Lauragais, of Castelnaudary and villages perched on hillocks.

Personalities of the Aude

Others

It is in the Aude that the first radio occitane area Languedoc-Roussillon created for itself: Ràdio Lenga of òc 95.5 FM (http://www.lengadoc.eu)

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