See also: Assessment (homonymy)

Definition and stakes

Definition

An assessment is an account which is a synthesis of what the company has (the credit) and owes (the liability) at a given moment. For the large companies, it can be useful to establish an assessment more than once during the exercise (4 times per annum for example). The annual accounts (of which the assessment, the Income statement, the appendices…) must obligatorily be established with the fence of exercise (PCG article 130.1 in France).

Stakes

The assessment is a “photography” of the company which makes it possible to know after reprocessing how much it is worth and if it is solvent (by an analysis of the ratios or Trésorerie in particular). These reprocessings are function of the standards used and relate to especially the passage of an assessment under patrimonial optics (simple and transparency for the thirds because at the historical cost of acquisition) with an assessment under optics of right value (with the value of market).
The assessment forms an indissociable whole with the Income statement and the appendices (and other documents according to the followed standards) to form the annual accounts. Indeed, the amount of the result for the period ended found with the assessment is always equal to the amount of the result found in income statement. In partnership with the income statement, the assessment gives also information on the performance and the rentabilité.
The unit should be presented or accessible to having the right (owners, suppliers, lenders, tax department…). It normally constitutes a guarantee of transparency for those and must be certified by a Auditor for certain companies (public limit companies…). This work of certification is very far from being facilitated by the recording of the credits and passive to the value of marché.

There thus exist three finalities with the assessment:

  • the internal accounting balance sheet, generally detailed, used by the persons in charge of the company for various internal analyzes;
  • the official accounting balance sheet, intended to the controllers of accountancy (listeners and auditors) and for the shareholders (and more generally with the thirds);
  • the tax assessment, which is used to determine the taxable profit;

To limit the administrative cost the companies seek to make converge the assessment tax and countable but it is less and less possible.

Assessment according to the countable standards IFRS (international)

presentation

Standards IAS/IFRS are not the standards of the United States. They are standards negotiated with the international level towards which the European countries must converge. They are not applicable for the moment to the companies which are not groups (and not with dimensions).

An active is current if it is intended to be used or sold within the framework of the operating cycle of the company or that it represents the freely negotiable treasury.

The noncurrent credits are primarily fixed assets (durable credits).

Assessment according to international standards (IAS 1)

Assessment according to the plane accountant French

presentation

  • the French legislation imposes a bilancielle presentation founded on the countable equality of the credit and the liability. The liability determines the source of the funds, and the credit the destination of those Ci. The credit is always equal in the passive.

  • the part high of assessment counts the permanent elements in the company: active immobilized with the Active and Invested capital with the Passive .

  • the low of assessment gives the circulating elements (nonpermanent). One speaks about circulating Actif for stocks, credits (asset) and values mobilères of placement.

The monetary difference between the current assets and the debts is called: “Requirement in working capital” (BFR).

  • In addition, a part known as except assessment indicates engagements various (guarantees for example) which granted or received the company.

French assessment

Assessment according to the German standards

presentation

The mode of accounting diverges with the French model but the assessment is close.

German assessment

Assessment according to the standards in the United States (US Gaap)

presentation

The presentation of the assessment of a company dimensioned in New York differs appreciably from the presentation “to Italian” which balances the liability and the credit. It has the advantage of giving a balance in hand (current balance) and financial asset had by the shareholder (the credit net).

Assessment

  • Active in the medium and long term

    • Goodwill
    • Tangible fixed asset
    • financial Fixed assets, acquisitions of a holding
    • Other long-term investments
    • Other long-term credits
  • Active currents
    • Stocks and inventories
    • Clients' accounts
    • Other short-term credits
    • bank balances and deposit at short notice
  • current Debts
    • Accounts suppliers
    • Taxes and taxes
    • Bank overdrafts and short-term loans
  • Balance running (active currents - current debts)
  • Debts in the medium and long term
    • Bonded debts and banking
    • commercial Debts in the medium and long term
    • Long-term provisions
    • Deferred taxes
  • Credit net (Active in the medium and long term - Debts in the medium and long term + Balance running)
  • Capital
    • Authorized capital
    • Premiums
    • Reserves
    • Capital prisoner into clean
    • cumulated Results

The balance of the stock-accounts is equal to the credit net.

External bonds for further information

  • research of the assessments of a company (infobilan.com - free basic information, but paying detailed assessments)
  • research of the assessments of a company (infogreffe.com - often less complete than the precedent)
  • methodological Bases for the analysis of Assessment

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