Asseret yemei teshouva

The “ Asseret Yemei Teshouva ” (Hebrew: עשרתימיתשובה ten days of repentance ) indicate in the Judaïsme the period between Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippour. According to the definitions, they are included in the Frightening Jours, or constitute entirety of it. One also calls them, especially in the Piyyout im , the days bein kissè lè' assour , according to the Midrash which compares Rosh Hashana with a Trône, according to the verse: " Sound the month of the horn, at fixed time ( בכסה ), at the great day of fête" (Psalms 81:4)

The ten days of penitence perpetuate and accentuate the spirit of repentance month of Eloul, being regarded as the last occasion before, according to the tradition, the divine final decision is not made in Rosh Hashana on each one and all the fields of its life, then registered definitively the day of Kippour. They are one annual period of Méditation before Yom Kippour, the day of the Pardon. This reflection must make it possible each one to reconsider on its actions of the year and its faults towards the men and God.

Habits

Eighteen Prayers

According to the Guemara (the Talmud), two blessings are changed at the time of the 'Amida, in order to underline the royalty of God on the world. It is about conclusion of the third prayer, where " HaMelekh HaKadosh " (the Saint King) " replaces; ha El HaKadosh " (the Saint God), and of that of the eleventh prayer, where " Melekh ohev Tzedaqa ouMishpat " is replaced by " HaMelekh HaMishpat ". These prayers are obligatory: whoever is mistaken at the time of the third must start again the 'Amida, the error at the time of the eleventh prayer being sanctioned only by the resumption of this only prayer.

Four other modifications were added at the time of the Gueonim . In those, the prior asks that the decree of its destiny lead in the " good livre" , and their character is optional: the prayer will not be taken again if the passage were omitted.

Zakhrenou lè' Hayim, Melekh 'hafetz ba' hayim, ve katvenou besefer 'hayim lèma' anèkha, Elohim 'Hayim -- " Remember us for Livre the Life, King who Désires Life, and write to us in the Book of the Life, in favor of You, Vivant" God; , inserted before the conclusion of the first blessing.
Semi khamokha, AV haRahaman, zokher yètzourav lè' hayim bèra' hamim -- " who is like You, the Miséricordieux Father, who remembers His creatures for the life in the mercy.
Oukhtov lèhayim tovim kol beneï bèritèkha -- " And write for the good life all wire of Tone alliance"
BèSèfer 'hayim, brakha veshalom ouparnassa tova ougzerot tovot yeshouot vene' hamot nizakher vènikatev lèfanèkha, ana' hnou vekol “amèkha beit Israel lè' hayim tovim oulèshalom -- " In the book of the Life, blessing and peace, good livelihood, good decrees, saving and consolatrices, we will be reminded and registered in front of You, us and all Your people of Israel, for the good Life and the peace ".

Other prayers

It is usual of reading the prayer of Avinou Malkenou after the 'amida. Certain lines are omitted by it in Shabbat.
Certaines congregations continue to say the Seli' hot during this period.

Other habits

Some Fast NT during these ten days. According to the Kitzour Shoulhan Aroukh, even that which practices during the year should reinforce its practice in this period. It is also recommended to avoid eating pendnat these ten days of a bread which would not have been cooked by a Jew.

Shabbat Shouva

At the time of the seven days between Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippour, the Shabbat is named Shabbat Shouva, of the name of the Haftara drawn from the Livre of Dared (14: 2-10), which starts with the words " שובהישראלעדה ' אלוהיך " (Shouva Israel 'AD Hashem Elohekha -- Turn over, Israel, in Hashem your God). He is of habit for the rabbi to launch out in this day in long a Drasha centered on forgiveness and the repentance

Sources

Shoul' han Aroukh, Ora' H Hayim 702-703
Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot Teshouva, chap. 2-3

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