Armorique with the Early middle ages

This article treats History of Armorique and evokes transition, as from 5th century, of Confederation Armorican which had fought against César, which subjects the Celtic tribes autochtones and integrates them in Roman civilization, with the historical Brittany.

the part related to antiquity is described in the article Armorique.

---- Chronologically, the treated period is that which dates from the departure of the Romans of the island of Brittany, until the advent of the count, then king of Breton the Nominoë in 819. It is indissociable shifts in population which take place on insular Brittany, taking into account the appearance of Saxon also in the Gallo-Roman Domaine.

Chaos in Gaulle Roman

The Armorican ones belong to the coalition joined together by Aetius to counter the projection of the hunnic Empire as a Gaulle in 451. It seems that then they are structured independently of the Roman administration. Military command of the " tract Armoricanus and Nervicanus" , of the Gironde in Pas-de-Calais and founded into 380, thus lived; it loses of its interest under the attacks of the columns of people entering in Gaulle Roman by the east (406), north (Francs, then Saxons vis-a-vis the count Paul, and the south (appearance of the Royaume Visigoth). These same people receiving the right to settle in the empire by '' foedus '' often recevèrent frontier territories with for mission the protection of the borders.

However a fleet whose command is allotted to the Britto-Romans enters in confrontation with the Migration of the Anglo-Saxons on the island of Brittany. Previously it had regulated conflicts of piracy coming from the Hivernie (Eire) and from Bagaudes of Aquitaine come in Armorique.

In 463 Euric (king of the Visigoths) wanted to occupy the areas in the north of the Loire of which Armorique remained faithful to Rome, but the Visigoths by Aegidius helped by Childéric father of Clovis Ier. In 469, Euric started again its companies and the Breton ones unloading with their king Riothane on the low Loire tried to make junction with Déols with the Francs of Childéric and the count Paul. But Euric arrived to preventing some and crushed them, the Bretons survivors managed to find refuge at Burgondes.

Armorique then knows a period of instability related to immigration of Breton of Great Britain and the takeover by Syagrius of Gaulle Roman (area between the Loire and the sum). Syagrius taken its distances with the empire and proclaimed king. It is after the victory of Clovis over Syagrius with Soissons (486) that the west of the kingdom passes officially under its authority by attribution of titles through the emperor. The area remains however unstable in particular of share the fights between the local leaders and héritiés Mérovingiens which fought between them like it illustrates the conflict between Clotaire Ier and its allied Chramne son of Childebert Ier. Chramne mobilized an army with Conomor, a count Breton, and undertaken to defy the capacity of king Clotaire but the business turned short and Chramne was carried out.

Armorique found more peace with the strengthening of the central capacity with the advent of the mayors of the palate of Austrasie and the Carolingian Renaissance.

Politically, the covered period is thus middle of the 5th century to the advent of the Carolingian Empire, first unifier of the Occident fallen in délitement since the Great invasions. To describe the zone at that time is problematic, the migration of the Britto-Romans not being always perceived like the invasion of people such as the Germanic Peuples: little cultural differences (Celtic culture) and weakening of the Roman capacity brings to a situation without legitimation by Foedus contrary to the others sedentarized kingdoms. Princes appear in three zones at least, possibly named kingdoms.

Designation of potentates

With the Early middle ages, Armorique were divided into two, then three kingdoms:

the Domnonée
the Kingdom of Cornwall
the Bro Waroch, then Broërec, third kingdom, conquered and created at the 6th century

In addition a Breton state, more or less autonomous, existed between 410 E 491 around Blois.

external bonds additional Ci-low also indicate princes reigning in the zone of the future Diocèse of Leon, and an early appearance of the county of the Poher.

These potentates were joined together under the authority of the dukes and kings de Bretagne at the 9th century, under the aegis of Nominoë perceived by the Historiographie like historical Personnage founder of the Duché of Brittany (Nominoë having received the title of Dux of the hands of the emperor Louis the Piles).

This unified Brittany sets up at the 9th century in a kingdom which can after is destroyed and occupied by the Vikings at the beginning of the 10th century.

Historiography

Leon Fleuriot in the Origins of Brittany is in favor of a term, the “Létaviens”, to describe the people which occupy Armorique of Latin Culture at the time. The adverse Vénètes of Jules César changed well. Its point of view unaniment is not unaniment recognized.
It also considers that the legendary character of Ambrosius Aurelianus is Riothamus, died with the combat in Déols while fighting against the Royaume Visigoth.

(Hagiographie) As from the 12th century, Geoffroy de Monmouth at the head introduced the Cycle arthurien, coupled by authors who come to incorporate their writings. The result is so old today that the situation of the two islands and the peninsula (Eire, Great Britain and Small-Brittany) cannot be described without taking account of this legend. The myth relates to a single kingdom on this unit, unit/harmony which was broken . However the Roman command of the fleet gives up the zone in… Actually, Celtic identity construction is indeed a common block, in the absence of a political unit at the 5th century (see the chart higher). Moreover, the Ireland has it-also its list of legendary sovereigns, which is lost in the fog of times. Whereas the ancient world disappears, that the chronology loses until the 9th century at least, that the culture of the people changes taking into account occurred of the Germanic Civilization in a Gallo-Roman context, one does not speak soon more nor of Celts, Gallic or Gallo-Romans but well of Francs, Mérovingiens then Carolingiens. Vis-a-vis them, the installation of the Breton identity regional thus draws pride to have preserved the Celtic heritage during the Great invasions (what failed for the insular kingdoms vis-a-vis the Heptarchie, rupture bringing a nostalgia translated poetically in the cycle arthurien).

History

History of Brittany

Chronology

451 : the Armorican ones belong to the coalition of Aetius drawn up vis-a-vis Attila at the time of the battles of campus mauriacus (Troyes).
469 : the Armorican ones combined with the Gallo-Roman field for the Battle of Déols

Appearance of Brittany

See also: List of the sovereigns of Bretagne#Rois of Brittany

Evangelization

Before the arrival of Breton, the Armorican ones are little christianized apart from the cities. The Breton islanders migrate and with them of the Moine S, without true will of évangéliser the Armorique, but to provide for the needs for the emigrants. Six évêchés were created:

Inside the ecclesiastical Province of Turns ( IIIe Lyons , old Armorique), creation of the évêchés of Nantes ( 4th century ), Rennes ( 3rd century ) and Valves ( 5th century ) in the chief towns from these three county S gallo - Frank, established well at the 5th century.
In Brittany itself, the episcopal capacities would have been exerted by the Abbé S bishop S, but a “ bishop of Breton the ” is quoted in 461 with the Concile of Turns.
Creation of the évêchés of Leon ( St-pol. ) ( 6th century ), Fraud (843), Alet and Cornwall (in Latin, Corisopitensis , Quimper ) ( 5th century )
Creation of the évêchés of Tréguier ( 848 ) and Saint-Brieuc (5th century).

to read: Holy Breton | Seven saints founders | Dioceses of Brittany

Alain of Cleuziou and Borderie stress the importance of the Breton monasteries in the rebuilding of a country in ruin and the constitution of the Breton nation.

Difficulties of the Breton Church

While the Breton ones settled in Armorique, évêchés the gallo-francs of Rennes and Valves are founded to allow the evangelization of what today is High-Brittany. The Breton bishops did not take part in the various councils of Turns. They more received the agreement of the metropolitan seat, with which they were not hardly familiarized, for episcopal ordinations. The organization of the Breton Church (abbots, bishops, monastic orders, calendar…) was condemned by the gallo-francque Church. Division rested less on one divergence of confession than on a problem of discipline. The separation of the two Churches often took a political connotation because of the wars which opposed the two people.

See too

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