Antonio María de Bucareli there Ursúa

Antonio María de Bucareli there Ursúa , marked of Valleheroso there cop of Jerena (sometimes spelled Bucareli there Urzúa ) (January 21st 1717 with Seville, Spain - April 9th 1779 with Mexico City) was an officer of the Spanish army, governor of Cuba and Vice-roi of News-Spain of the September 23rd 1771 with the April 19th 1779.

Beginning of career

Bucareli was born in Seville from a noble family. There does not exist any trace indicating that it was married. It joined a regiment of infantry as a junior at age the 11 years and will climb the levels to general captain. It is distinguished during the programs from Italy what is worth to him to be appointed governor of Cuba. Over there it organizes the militia and makes a regular troop of it. It builds the forts of Atarés and El Morro.

Beginning of its mandate

He is governor of Cuba when he receives his nomination of Viceroy of News-Spain. He leaves of Havana the August 14th 1771 and arrives at Veracruz on August 23rd. He takes officially his functions with San Cristóbal Ecatepec on September 22nd, and makes his formal entry in Mexico City the September 23rd 1771. As Spain is in peace, it reduces the size of the army immediately in order to make economies. Before this cut, the army was made up of 10 ' 000 infantrymen and 6 ' 000 riders, without counting the regiment Corona, the urban guard of Mexico City, Puebla and Veracruz, as well as the companies of Alvarado and Tlacotalpan. With this reduced army, it takes all the same care to reinforce the presidios in north, to fight there the Apache S and the Jumil be, which continue their incursions devastators into the Coahuila. The Indians made captive are off-set, with their families, towards Cuba.

In 1771 it tries to reconcile the Franciscain S and the Dominicain S of the colony, deeply divided after the adventures of the evangelization of the California. The following year, it prohibits the importation of the foreign goods and points out the coins in circulation in order to replace them by those with the effigy of Charles III. It founds a military hospital in the old college of San Andrés, then in 1776 another hospital for stripped in Mexico City and the January 20th 1777 it inaugurates the hospital San Hipólito, for the mentally ills.

In 1772 Pedro de Fagos and the Brother Juan Crespi, started from San Diego, found the port and the Presidio of San Francisco.

Economic reforms

He organizes a congress of the owners of mines on May 3rd 1774 which enacts the rules having to control this industry. In July 1776, Bucareli grants to the owners mines the right to found a trade union (the court of the mines) and grants a remission of taxes to these same owners who were however already quite rich. One of these richissime owner, Pedro Romero de Terreros, which had already lent 400 ' 000 pesos to the preceding Viceroy, into ready still 800 ' 000 in Bucareli. Terreros also makes gift of a ship of 80 guns to the navy. The Baron Alexander von Humboldt will affirm besides that the owners of the Mexican mines among best are paid world.

The January 17th 1774, the liberal government of Charles III establishes the free trade between News-Spain, Peru and the viceroyaume lately created Nouvelle Grenade. Bucareli promoted this measurement near the Ministers for the King. It makes repaired Strong San Diego of Acapulco, in order to protect the port and this new trade with South America. In 1779 the free trade between Spain and the Indies will enter also into force.

The February 25th 1775, it inaugurates the Mont of piety (on the model of that of Madrid) in order to bring of the assistance the most stripped to.

Legal reforms

A royal decree of the March 11th 1776 institutes what will be called the Grande legal reform of 1776 in the Indies. Of long time, the Audiencia, is an government institution of News-Spain. First Audiencia was named the December 13rd 1527. Although it was a court of justice, more the high authority of the colony and although the oidores are judges, this body exerted an important legislative power and sometimes even executive within the government of News-Spain.

Although the supreme capacity in the colony belonged to the Viceroy and that a considerable capacity was concentrated in its hands, one of its mandates ex oficio was that of President of Audiencia. What gave him an important judicial power in addition to its executive powers and legislative. The Crown having always shown a preference for soldiers at the station of Viceroy and those which were not it, were ecclesiastics but none was lawyer.

Thanks to the reform of 1776, Audiencia becomes more independent. The Viceroy is not any more the president. This function from now on is entrusted to the post lately created of regent of Audiencia. The new court is designed for exerted a control of the Viceroy. Spain publishes a document Instrucción of regents ( Instruction with the Regents ), the June 20th 1776, which contains 78 articles, there describing in detail its roles and functions.

Certain historians grant this reform to the influence of Jose de Gálvez, inspector royal of the colony elected by Charles III in 1764. Gálvez travelled in the colony, submitting reports/ratios on its administration and other aspects until 1772. It then had total authority exceeding even that of the Viceroy.

End of its mandate

It falls on Bucareli to finish the fort of San Carlos (1776), that the Viceroy Carlos Francisco de Croix had started. This fort had been drawn according to new tactical ideas and had been established in the plain of Perote (current state of Veracruz).

It makes a hunting without respite with the gangsters. In 1776 it tries to come to end from an invasion from Locuste S. It improves Alameda (park of Mexico City). He encourages the drainage of the valley of Mexico City. In 1778 it traces the plan of the street of Mexico City which today bears its name. The 1778, the royal school of surgery is founded in Mexico City.

The January 21st 1779, little before death the Bucareli Viceroy, is born Ignacio Allende, hero of the Guerre of independence of Mexico, with San Miguel el Grande (current state of Guanajuato).

The February 12th 1779, Bucareli sends the Princesa and the Favorita to explore the peaceful coast towards north. This forwarding will go until in Alaska.

The Bucareli Viceroy dies in his station the April 9th 1779, of an attack of Pleurésie. He is buried with great sorrow by the population in the cemetery close to the church of Guadalupe. He left various writings like Allosgusstio AD Shepherds Concilii IV, Provincialis Mexicani, die X Octobris anarchist. 1771 , Reglamento para el cuerpo of militares inválidos of Nueva España , and Collección of todas tired providencias of known gobierno .

Excel administrator, it improves public finances, the trade and the monetary system. Many Mexican historians regard it as one of the most remarkable viceroys.

Sources

"Bucareli there Ursúa, Antonio María of, " Enciclopedia of Mexico City , v. 2. Mexico City City, 1987.
García Puron, Handbook, Mexico City known there gobernantes , v. 1. Mexico City City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
Orozco L., Fernando, Fechas Históricas of Mexico City . Mexico City City: Leading panorama, 1988.
Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes of Mexico City . Mexico City City: Leading panorama, 1985.

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