The ion ammonium (of formula NR H ₄⁺) is a Cation obtained by Protonation of the Ammoniac.

Case of the aqueous solutions

In water, this reaction is written:

$NH\_3\; +\; H\_2O\; =\; NH\_4^\; \{+\}\; +\; HO^\; \{-\}$.

The reaction is a acido-basic , from where the acid couple/bases according to: $NH\_4^+/NH\_3$. In water, the ammonia dissociates partially and forms an ionic solution which conducts electricity.

General case

In the general case, one a:

$NH\_4^+\; =\; H^+\; +\; NH\_3$.

It is about a reversible reaction, which forms the very weak acid of Brönsted ammonium. The formed ammonium rate depends on pH if one works in solution. If one works with ammonia vapor, it can react with HCl to form the complex $NH\_4^\; \{+\};\; Cl^\; \{-\}$.

Ammonium often forms a salt with a Anion. The majority of ammonium salts are water soluble.

See too

• Ammonia

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