Al-Mustazhir
Abû Al `Abbâs " Al-Mustazhir Bi-llah" 'Ahmad Ben `Abd Allah Al-Muqtadî called Al-Mustazhir . It was born in 1078. It succeeded like twenty-eighth Caliph Abbasside of Baghdad his father Al-Muqtadî in 1094. He died in 1118. His/her son Al-Mustarchid succeeded to him.
The great events of its reign are the arrival on the grounds of Islam of the Chevaliers of the First crusade in 1097 and the catch of Jerusalem by the crusaders in 1099.
Biography
One knows almost nothing the life of the caliph Al-Mustazhir completely choked by the supervision of the Seldjoukides sultans. However its reign knew some events of first importance.Ibn Khaldun tells that Youssef Ibn Tachfin, first prince Almohade sent an embassy near the caliph to inform him of its oath of allegiance. In answer the caliph would have authorized it to use the Abbassides badges and to carry the title of “commander of the Moslems”
Supervision of Berk-Yaruq
Beginning of the first crusade
See also: First crusade
In spring 1097 the crusaders penetrate in Anatolia and put the seat at Nicée become the capital of the Seldjoukides de Roum since 1081. October 20th 1097, the crusaders arrive in front of Antioche. Berk-Yaruq the Seldjoukide tutor of Al-Mustazhir vainly sends reinforcements towards Antioche. The city is taken after a long seat on June 3rd 1098.
The cross armies progress towards the South, in spite of the quarrels between the barons, without causing true reactions on behalf of Seldjoukides in catch with their internal quarrels.
The catch of Jerusalem
See also: Head office of Jerusalem
The cross army takes the road of Jerusalem on January 13rd 1099, without being worried by the Arab emirs of the area. June 7th, they put the seat in front of Jerusalem. The city is taken on July 15th, it is plundered, its Muslim population and Jewish is massacred.
August 9th, Godefroy de Bouillon left Jerusalem in company of Robert of Flanders to go to the meeting of the army fatimide. The franque army arrived the morning of August 12th in front of the plain of Ascalon. The army fatimide surprised arrival of the Francs was completely put in rout. Carnage and the spoils taken were enormous.
Berk-Yaruq fights constantly to be able it with his/her brother Muhammad I {{er}} (1099-1101). It was constrained to share its States with his two brothers Muhammad and Sandjar. Berk-Yaruq dies of tuberculosis in January 1105 and Muhammad Ier succeeds to him.
Supervision of Muhammad Ier
Preachers traversed the caliphate to proclaim new the tragedy of the catch of Jerusalem and the occupation of the esplanade from where Mahomet would have made its night voyage ( Isra ). Fatimides of Egypt, which had occupied the grounds taken by the crusaders, let people flee towards Baghdad. Seldjoukides were paralyzed by their internal quarrels.Two Fridays of 1111, the crowd haranguée by the cadi of Alep Ibn Al-Khachchab, was caught some with the mosque of the sultan destroying the desk of the Minbar. The sultan proclaims the Jihad against the crusaders. It ordered to the governor Mosul to go using Alep and Ibn Al-Khachchab is turned over at his place. The governor of Mosul did not manage to cooperate with the emir d' Alep and reconsidered his steps.
In spring 1115, the sultan goes towards the central Syria to the head of a powerful army. It was in front of coalition of princes Francs (Antioche, Jerusalem, Tripoli) and Moslems (Alep, Damas) of Syria, the Seldjoukide army is withdrawn at the end of a few months.
End of the reign
The caliph Al-Mustazhir and the sultan Muhammad Ier died in 1118.The new Abbasid caliph Al-Mustarchid benefitted from divisions of Seldjoukides to revolt against the new sultan Mahmoud II
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