Al-Andalus sciences and technology

The sciences and technology resulting from the Islamic Civilization develop in Al-Andalus as of the first times of the Moslem Conquête of Hispanie . The troops demobilized following the defeat vis-a-vis the franque cavalry, composed of Arabic and Berber called collectively Moors, while settling in these new grounds of the Iberian peninsula, are filled with wonder at the presence of brooks and so fertile grounds.

It is true a golden age of the Islamic Civilization which will give rise to this new knowledge in the peninsula. They will generate wonders of architecture such as the Alhambra and the Grande mosque of Cordoue.

This article describes the features civilisationnels originating in Al-Andalus, then transmitted to the Christian Occident.

Chivalrous pleasures

Rise of the Poetry and the pastimes courtiers:

Arab Poetry of the Al-Andalûs caballeros ( amor caballescero ); these riders controlling at the same time arts of the war and the Moslem mystic, transmitted to the south France, by the Provence, their style of versification which inspired then the worms of Dante to Florence.
In the same movement is transmitted the set of failures, that Arabic met in Perse and diffused on their grounds.

The conceptual thought

Rise of the Philosophy, accompanying that by the Medicine:

the medicine of moods of Averroès (Ibn Rushd) takes again that of the Greek .
the Mystical of Ibn Arabi.
If the philosophical influence of Avicenne (Ibn Sina, Persan) in Occident were exceeded by that of Averroès, its thought on the distinction of the “gasoline” to be it and the existence will be exploited by Thomas d' Aquin; it is one of the bases of philosophy Scolastique neo-aristotelician of the Christian Moyen-âge.
the syncretism resulting from the cultures comparable by Islam results from the integration of the thoughts of preceding civilizations, whose writings are represented into Arab; its prolongations are in arts, medicine and theological philosophy, in Islam, this including criticism.

Linguistics and figures

Of many words Castillan S comes directly from the Arab . For example, almost all words having a prefix in Al, which is the article " le" in Arabic, as well as current expressions like ojalá (Allah Inch). By derivation, these words are diffused in the languages close to the Christian Occident with modifications (the Castilian word alcachofa , resulting from Arabic Al-kharshûf is for example at the origin of the word artichoke in French).

Know-how

the system of Irrigation already very developed in Andalusia, because of the Romains which built channels and aqueducts. The Moors develop it and bring there technical innovations, of which a part came from Persia: the bucket wheel or Noria; Management is ensured by the court of water Seville. Then they dig underground cisterns (Algibe S) with Grenade.
habit of ablutions (with the Savon, or bread of Alep whose manufacture will be acclimatized later to Marseilles),
Art of the Céramique (Azulejos) and of the stucco
Essor of the Géographie, by the Cartographie in the arabo-Norman kingdom of Sicily.
Technical of the Earthenware hispano-Moorish, developed and transmitted in Europe.

Transmission in the Occident

These benefit get along as well in terms of technology transfer as in term of artistic creation and arts person. Let us quote the two most known examples:

Mahomet recommends “ to go to seek the knowledge until in China ” ( `uTlubi L “ilma wa-law fi-S-Sîn ).
the Zero, like its arithmetic, were invented in India before the Moslem Conquête. It is by their presence from India until in Spain that the Moslems, by the translations of Al-Khawarizmi, mathematician of culture Persian born with Khiva in current the Ouzbékistan, will ensure its diffusion in their empire.

the Moslem armies of the Royaume of Grenade are useful at the 13th century and for the first time in Europe, of the black Poudre; they introduce the Firearms which will revolutionize military technology. The army Castilian makes up for lost time at the time of the Guerres of Grenade (1481) by systematizing their employment in regiments of arcabuceros , embryo of the futures Tercio S .

These contributions anticipate the Renaissance. The conquerors are not the authors, but they received them countries of old civilization which they conquered by the force: (Persian, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Mésopotamie, Roman Province of Africa). Europe then has approximately two centuries of delay on the Muslim world, although cities as Venice has in this respect a statute a little except standard.

See also: Rebirth of XIIe siècle#Science

See too

Islamic Civilization

Islamic Sciences and technology (generic article)

Christian Occident | cultural Radiation

Transmission of the knowledge in the Occident

persistence of the Greek culture in Byzance
Transmission of the legacy gréco-Roman in the Occident (obvious result)
Islamic Civilization out of Al-Andalus (forwards in Italy by Provence)

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