Abrupt (Aveyron)

Geography

Located in the department of the Aveyron and the area the Midday-Pyrenees, it is crossed by the Dourdou de Camarès. The commune is bordering on the watershed the Mediterranean-Atlantic, located in its almost totality on the Atlantique side.

The commune is located on a zone of transition between the plain from Saint-Affrique and the Monts from Lacaune, with the very broken relief. It culminates with the Merdelou, which is the highest solid mass of south-Aveyron and conceals several important Aven S. The climate approaches that of Lacaune, with very strong precipitations from April at October, often involving strong Crue S.

The village itself is located at the confluence of Dourdou and the brook of Sanctus, which are crossed by a bridge of confluence.

Hamlets

The common one counts many hamlets. In his recension of the places inhabited of Aveyron of 1868, Jean-Louis Dardé counted seven “villages” (more than 25 inhabitants), six “hamlets” (less than 25) and twenty-three localities which are detached houses. The Hameau X current are eleven

Brox
Cambias
Cimbrens
Cribas
Cusses
Devèze de Brusque
Mialet
Moulergues
Pressouyres
Regagnerie
Saussières
Sials
Viales

The field of Céras became a vacation village centered around an artificial water level.

History

Origins with the constitution of the consulate

One finds on the soil of Abrupt traces of old occupation, in particular a Oppidum of the Gallo-Roman time, and traces of mining activity. Thus the natural Aven of Bouco-Payrol is prolonged by important galleries of mines having been used for the exploitation of the Cuivre since the 1st century before Jesus-Christ.

Abrupt is the seat of a Viguerie Carolingian, close but independent of that of Camarès, and announced as of 883 in the Cartulaire of the abbey of Vabres. These fields are in the mobility of the Comté of Rodez. The viguery of Abrupt included/understood the territories of the current communes of Arnac, Fayet, Mélagues, Tauriac, like Blanc (current commune of Can-and-Couffouleux). The latter parish from of will detach quickly, while the five others will remain grouped until the Revolution in a single community, which will bear successively the names of baronnie of Abrupt, marquisat of Abrupt-Fayet.

Abrupt was detached with Xe century of the county of Rodez to form part of the Vicomté of Albi, field of the family Trencavel. It is in 1060 qu ' is quoted for the first time the presence of a “Brusque castrum”. Until the beginning of the 12th century, the ground of Abrupt is given in strongholds, which are émiettent and one finds many Co-lords (up to 5 simultaneously), bearing the name “of Abrupt”. Trencavel take again the territory in hand, by repurchase, in 1156, while the family “of Abrupt” folds up itself on her possessions of White, henceforth detached from the Abrupt ones.

With the Albigensian Crusade, Brusque successively became to the hands of Simon de Montfort then counts of Toulouse Raymond VI and Raymond VII. This last granted the constitution of a consulate in 1244. This operation undoubtedly aimed at sticking the fidelity of the city, to counter the influence of the Sénéchal of Béziers, representing the king. Indeed, about at the same time, the castle of Abrupt was besieged by the royal troops.

Evolution of the seigniory of Abrupt until the Rebirth

One is unaware of on which date, former to 1316, Brusque was pledged by the king with the family of the Clermont-Lodève. The seigniory will remain in the hands of their descendants until the Revolution day before. It will be set up in Baronnie in 1367. Clermont-Lodève will give sometimes the management of Abrupt to the vassal ones, without one having the exhaustive list of it.

In 1328, the king Philippe VI concedes with the inhabitants of Abrupt the right to hold a fair. After the Battle of Poitiers (1356), Brusque with all Rouergue passes under English obedience. The victory of Bouchard VII of Vendôme to the battle of Montlaur, in 1369, made pass by again the city in the French bosom.

In first half of the 16th century Tristan II of Clermont-Lodève or one of its sons made build the castle of Fayet, conceived like residence of approval occupying a more central place in their many possessions.

Wars of religion to the Revolution

The propagation of the Réforme in the High-Walk of Rouergue was accompanied by serious disorders: the establishment of the reformed churches of Millau in 1561, Saint-Affrique in 1562, Camarès into 1563 was carried out in force; many villages had to undergo seat or exactions. But Brusque seems to have crossed the period without knowing act of violence, and the Protestant community quickly grew bigger there, in peaceful coexistence with the catholics. The church reformed of Abrupt is in the dependence of that of Camarès until about 1600, where it takes its independence.

The baronnie of Abrupt master key on its entrefaites by marriage with the family of Arpajon-Sévérac, which seems to have wanted to keep a certain religious matter neutrality. It is set up in marquisat in 1610. At the time of the Treated of Paris (1626), Louis XIII grants four place-strong to the Protestants in Rouergue (and four only), of which Brusque. Some disorders will accompany the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.

In 1689, the seigniory passes by marriage to the Rochefoucauld, counts de Roucy, then again in 1725 with Louis Antoine de Gontaut-Biron. All these lords now usually resided at Paris. Little before the Revolution, the widow of Louis Antoine sold the marquisat the Abruptone to François de Nougarède.

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

old hermitage dedicated to Saint-Thomas Becket. The tradition wants that the Saint remained there. The hermitage is attested since 1552. It resided a hermit until the Revolution at it.
strong castle (castellat) mentioned for the first time in 1060, for which one still finds trace of maintenance work in 1464, but which is in ruins as of before the Revolution.
Romance tower, which was used then as bell-tower of the old Saint-Jacob church of Castellat

Personalities related to the commune

the brothers Castling: Victor (1829-1896), Henri (1833-1911) and Xavier (1835-), natives of Cusses, traders in Indo-China. Victor is owner with Marcellin Larrieu of the river transport of Cochinchine , and considered in 1883 as the " the French trader most important of Tonkin" .
Jeanne Canac (1861-1952), woman writer, of his pen name Victor Féli.
André Gouzes (born in 1943 in Brusque) is a monk Dominicain, musician, who is one of the current principal authors of Christian liturgical songs and the organizer of the Abbaye of Sylvanès.

Traditions

As for many villages of the southernmost Rouergue, the inhabitants of Abrupt are affublés of a collective nickname (or escaïs ). In fact, lous Oporto faïsses of Brusco means the carriers of faggots of Abrupt . This nickname evokes the difficulty of the communications and the possibility, negotiated as of the advent of the consulate, left to the inhabitants of the community get firewood in the forest of Maravable.

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