Abd Al-Rahman Ier

`Abd Al-Rahman Ier (Arab: rear RTL عبدالرحمنبنمعاويةبنهشامبنعبدالملك `rear-Rahman Abd Ben Driven `āwîya Ben Hichām Ben `Abd Al-Malik ) or Abdérame Ier , told to the Juste or exiled the (Arab: AD-dāḫil RTL rear الداخل), and called the falcon of the Quraych (Arab: have-saqr rear qurayš RTL صقرقريش) was born with Damas in 731 and died in Cordoue in 788. It was the first emir Omeyyade independent of the emirate of Cordoue (Al-Andalus) founded in 756.

Biography

Grandson of Hisham ibn Abd Al-Malik, tenth caliph Omeyyade, it was the son of Muawiya ibn Hisham and his wife, Berber, of the tribe of Nafza (area of the Rif) ^,. Escaped as by miracle with the massacre of its family, which was exterminated almost very whole by the Abbassides in 750, it took refuge in Spain, where called it the Moors established in this country. It reduced under its capacity almost all this region, fixed its residence at Cordoue and reigned peacefully during 31 years, making flower the letters and arts and cultivating itself the Poésie. Him the nickname of Juste was given.

Youth

During the rise of the Abbasids, Abd Al-Rahman had less than twenty years. It took refuge in the desert with his Yahya brother in the middle of the tribes Bedouins. The Abbasids managed to find them and his/her brother was killed, but Abd Al-Rahman nevertheless managed to flee. It sheltered one moment in Syria, then in North Africa.

At the time of the confusion produced by the change of dynasty, Africa had divided between various local factions, of former emirs or the servants of the caliphs omeyyades. Abd Al-Rahman, not being estimated in safety, flees even more towards the west and found refuge among the tribes Berbères of Maurétanie. It took again courage thanks to a prophecy of its Maslama great-uncle, according to whom it would restore the fortune of his family, and it found support near the partisans of the omeyyades.

Arrival in Spain

In 755, it hid in the surroundings of Ceuta and sent an emissary in Spain to seek supports among the descendants of the conquerors of Spain and in favor of Omeyyades, many in the province of Elvira (today Grenade). The country was then agitated because of the tensions between tribes Arab, and Arabs and Berber, and also because of the criticized reign of the Emir Yusuf Al-Fihrí, considered to be weak and simple puppet with the hands of the various factions. Abd Al-Rahman saw there an occasion which it had not found in Africa. Answering its partisans, it unloaded in September 755 with Almuñécar, in the east of Málaga.

Unfruitful negotiations with Yusuf

During one moment, Abd Al-Rahman was let advise by its partisans, conscious of the risks of its company. Yusuf proposed in Abd Al-Rahman one his/her girls in marriage as well as grounds. This represented less than what he hoped to obtain but he would have resigned himself to be satisfied with them if the insolence of one of the messengers of Yusuf, a Spanish renegade, had not outraged Obeidullah, one with the honest chiefs in Omeyyades: it gaussa of the incapacity of Obeidullah to writing Arabic well. In answer to the provocation, Obeidullah decladded its sword.

Catch of Cordoue and rise to the capacity

From now on supported by Kalbites, in 756, Abd Al-Rahman conducted a campaign in the valley of the Guadalquivir which finished the May 16th by the rout of Yusuf and its escape of Cordoue. The troops of Abd Al-Rahman were weak (Abd Al-Rahman would have been the only one to have a good horse of war). Not having a banner, they improvised of them one with a turban and a lance. This sign was to become the symbol of Omeyyades of Spain. In July, Abd Al-Rahman officialized its alliance with Kalbites. One month later, it became mâlik (king) and emir of Al-Andalus. It should however be awaited 929 so that the Califat of Cordoue is officially founded by Abd Al-Rahman III.

Reign

The long reign of Abd Al-Rahman was mainly marked by many settings with the order of the Arabs and the Berber ones to rejoin them under the same mandate. In 759, he subdued a rebellion fomented by the former Emir who ended in the execution of this last. In 763, it had to face in its own city of the partisans to the pay of the Abbasids. It made cut the head of the leaders, made them salt and soak in the Naphtaline before making them send to the caliphate the East as a warning.

In its last years, Abd Al-Rahman also had to thwart and repress brutally a succession of plots in its palate, making it possible to firmly pose the bases of the dynasty which ensured the control of Spain Omeyyades until in 1031. It also made build the Mosquée of Cordoue which was completed little before its death.

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