840

This page relates to the year 840 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Asia

  • the Empire ouïgour crumbles under the blows of the Kyrgyz : hundred thousand Kirgiz burn Ordu Balik and put at dead Kaghan. Thirteen tribes ouïgoures ask for the assistance of the China which pushes back them. They will be destroyed (848). Fifteen other tribes move towards the South-west (Xinjiang and Gansu) where they found two kingdoms.
  • Reign in India of Mihira Bhoja, king Pratihara of Kanauj (fine in 890). It establishes a vast empire on all North (of the Penjab to the Bengal) while being combined with the other princes Gurjara (Rajput).

The Middle East

  • Creation of the guard Mameluke: the caliph Al-Mutasim decides to surround himself by a guard chosen among the Mameluke, military slaves, generally of Turkish origin, razziés young people in Central Asia and in the steppes, raised carefully in a simple orthodoxy.

  • Development of the Iqtâ : the caliph allots to officers the Kharâdj (tax on land) of a district, with load for them to pay the balances of their troops. The soldiers can easily increase their goods with the detriment of the free small farmers.

    • With the use of servile troops recruited out of the Islam, easy to buy and has to model, the Islamic political ideal of a Oumma ensuring it even defense and the extension of the Dâr Al-islâm fails. The recourse to servile recruitment in the long term means the rupture between the civil society, the military forces and the political power. This evolution explains the collapse of the capacity califal and the role taken, as from the years 936 - 945, by the commander-in-chief of the army.

Europe

  • June 20th: Louis the Piles dies whereas it was going to face Louis of Bavaria. Lothaire, returned of Italy, claims with the whole of the empire without recognizing with his/her brothers of autonomous kingdoms. Charles and Louis league against him.
    • Beginning of the reign of Lothaire Ier, emperor of occident (fine in 855)
    • Beginning of the reign of Charles II the Bald person, king of the Francs (fine in 877).

  • Saint Wolf is named by Charles the Bald person abbot of Tool bag-in-Gâtinais (fine in 862) to replace Odon, deposited to have supported Lothaire.
  • Hincmar becomes archbishop of Rheims (fine in 882).

  • the Viking S are on the island of Noirmoutier to the mouth of the the Loire.
    • the monks of Noirmoutier, driven out by the Vikings (836), transport hunting containing the body of Saint Philibert of the Cunault-on-Loire in Messac in Poitou, then in Saint Porcien in Auvergne to arrive at Tournus in Burgundy in 875.
  • Duurstede in Frise is plundered by the Viking S.
  • Intervention of the Danes with Hamwik, in England.

  • the Venetian fleet intervenes without results against the Arab which seize Tarente (840 - 880) and of Bari.
  • Treated commercial of free-circulation inside the Italy between Lothaire and Venice.
  • Venice, vassal of Byzance, starts to beat its own currency.

  • Leon the Mathematician or the Philosopher becomes métropolite of Thessalonique (fine in 843).

Art & culture

  • the Arab writer Jahiz sign the unit of Nature in the Book of the Animals ( Kitab Al-Hayawan ).
  • the theologist Ibn Hanbal collects 28  000 legal provisions.
  • Realization of a great number of sculptures to the Monastery of Toji to the Japan, of which those of the Five Kings de Sapience .
  • artistic Style of Borre in Scandinavia (840 - 980)

Science & technology

  • Leon the Mathematician is the first Platonic Byzantine. He writes treaties of mechanics, astronomy and geometry. He invents a telegraph optical connecting the border of Taurus to the capital and able to inform in one hour about the troop movement of the enemy. He has Ptolémée and is at the origin of the handwritten tradition of Archimedes and Euclide.

Births in 840

Death in 840

Map-bms: 840

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