1907

This page relates to the year 1907 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

June 10th: departure of the automobile race Peking-Paris.
the Nobel Prize of peace is allotted to the Italian Ernesto Moneta and French Louis Renault.

Europe

March 15th: In Finland, the social democrat party gains the legislative elections. For the first time in Europe, women are elected appointed.
May 25th: The Austrian Parliament is elected for the first time by the male vote for all: thesocial ones and the social democrats gain the elections.
June 15th: Beginning of the second International Conference of Peace with $the Hague.
July 29th, the United Kingdom: First camp of servant boy scouts created by sir Robert Baden-Powell.

August 31st: Russo-British agreement completing the system of alliance of Delcassé. The Triple Alliance is formed between the the United Kingdom, the France and the Russia, intended to contain the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy).
October 18th: Convention of $the Hague (final act of the second conference of peace). Adoption of a resolution about the compulsory arbitration in the event of conflict.
December 8th: Beginning of the reign of Gustave V, king of Sweden (fine in 1950).

Spain: The elections are removed in the event of single-candidate election. Electoral success of the republicans and the regionalistic Catalans.
Portugal: Repression of the revolt of the students of Coïmbra.
the United Kingdom: Institution of an imperial Staff. The women obtain the capacity to sit in the municipal councils and the councils of counties.
male Vote for all in Sweden.
Law of industrialization in Austria-Hungary.
Laws Apponyi in Hungary: exemption from payment of primary school education and forced magyarisation. The majority of the denominational schools of nationalities are replaced by Hungarian schools of State. The number of the schools falls and the percentage of illiterate increases in the Rumanian population.

France

Germany

August 19th: The first International Conference of the socialist women meets in Stuttgart under the presidency of Rosa Luxembourg.
Congress of Stuttgart: following the conflicts of the Far East, incidents of the Congo, famine of the Hereros (South-western German African), the problems colonial and “colonialism” are the subject of debate among the Socialists. several currents are distinguished: one, imperialist, judge whom colonization constitutes a “integral element of the essential goal of civilizations continued by the socialist movement” (E. David, Noske, Hildebrand). Others dream of an international management of the colonies, judging that colonization is a fact of the history (Van Kol, Jaurès, Vandervelde). Colonial cruelty is denounced, but the idea to leave the independent colonized people seems absurd (“would be to return the United States to the Indians”, according to Berstein). On the left, Kautsky and Jules Guesde deny that colonization is a progress factor: to condemn is not to be opposed to dialectical History and the democracy is possible in the colonies like elsewhere.

Majority from the right, narrow and fragile, with the Reichstag to support the Weltpolitik Bülow.
Economic crisis in Germany due to the growth excessive of the economy and amplified by the American crisis. Unemployment.
In Germany, 5% of the owners monopolize 51,5% of the cultivated ground.

Swiss

the Swiss national Bank opens its doors.
Zurich inaugurates the first cinema of the country.

Italy

January 7th: Maria Montessori creates the first Casa dei bambini .
September 8th: With the encyclical Pascendi Dominici Gregis , the pope confirms the judgment of the modernism.

Romania

February 21st - April: Great country riot in Romania, repressed in blood. It begins the February 21st with an incident with a farmer in the village of Flaminzi, department of Botoşani, with the cry of “We want ground”. The movement gains all the north of Moldavie and strongly takes by place a character anti-semite: farmers are molestés, even killed, of burnt harvests. 2000 peasants invade Botoşani where the army makes use of its weapons. At the end of March the Olténie ignites in its turn. The farm laborers of the plain of the the Danube try to walk on Bucharest and violent ones confrontations make 200 dead.
March 18th: The state of emergency is proclaimed.
March 24th: The conservative government resigns and the liberal Dimitrie Sturdza takes in hand repression with the general Alexandru Averescu with the ministry for the war. The artillery is used against the villages terrorized by punitive forwardings. The jacquerie is finished mid-April, after 10 with 12 000 dead.
the government is constrained to vote some reforms: law on the agricultural contracts (December), law known as of the “rural house” facilitating the access to the property of the poor peasants (April 1908).

Russia

March 5th (20/02): meeting of the second Duma (red Duma or Duma of the extremes).
May - June: Multiplication of the terrorist attacks.
June 14th (1/06): Piotr Stolypine request the exclusion of 55 social democrat deputies and lifting of the parliamentary privilege of 16 of them.
June 16th (3/06): “Coup d'etat”. Dissolution of the Duma, modification of the electoral law: the voice of a land great landowner is worth 7 town votes, 30 country votes, 60 working votes.
June: Spectacular expropriation carried out by the Kamo social democrat, who seizes 250 000 roubles intended for the Bank of State of Tiflis.
November 14th (1/11): Meeting of the third Duma, known as “of the lords”. The government has to with it the majority thanks to the collapse of the left parties.
December: New emigration of Lénine (fine in 1917).

the influence of Raspoutine on the court of the tsar Nicolas II of Russia becomes important.
the railway line of the Trans-Siberian , begun in 1891, is completed in Russia (9300 km of Moscow to Vladivostok carried out in 18 days). Acceleration of the colonization of the Siberia (4 million migrants of 1906 with 1914).

Africa

March 22nd: The Indian lawyer Mohandas Gandhi lance a resistance movement in South Africa against measurements obliging the recording of the Asian ones.
August 2nd: Beginning of the pacification of the Morocco by the France.

the Belgian Parliament votes the annexation of the State independent of Congo.
German Eastern Africa: The first German Secretary of State to the colonies Bernhard Dernburg (1907 - 1911) lance a program of rational colonization.
South-western African: at the conclusion of the revolt of the Nama and Hereros, all the “tribal grounds” and all the cattle are confiscated.
Ethiopia: Died of the governor of Harrar Close-cropped Makonnén.
Bamako is selected like capital of Western Sudan. The transfer is done in 1908, after the construction of the administrative city of Koulouba.
Beginning of the construction of the way of railroad of Kayes with Thiès, delayed by the war of 1914 - 1918.
the Banco di Roma settles in Tripolitaine with an ambitious financial program and industrialist: land acquisition, promotion of companies, creation of customers proitalienne by a policy of loans.

Americas

North America

August 29th: Collapse of the bridge of Quebec.
October 21st: “Panic of the Bankers”, panics stock exchange with Wall Street. Beginning of the economic crisis with the the United States.
November 16th: The Oklahoma becomes the forty-sixth state of the American Union.

Doctrines bearing Tobar on the not-recognition of the governments resulting from coups d'etat.
the the United States limit the Japanese emigration.
General strike of the dockers to the New-Orleans, mobilizing more 10 000 people, confused White and Blacks.
Apogee of immigration, with 1,3 million entries in 1907.
AT&T ( American Telephones and Telegraph Company ) dominates the market of the telephone in the United States until the Années 1960.

Latin America

January 7th, Mexico: Burden in the textile centers, violently repressed. More than 200 workmen are killed.
January 14th: Earthquake with Kingston, Jamaica which made 800 dead.
December 21st, Chile: Burden in the mines with salpetre with Iquique whose repression makes 2000 dead.

Intervention étatsunienne with the Honduras.
Economic crisis with the Mexico (1907 - 1911), which slows down the social rise of the middle-classes.
Chile: General strike with Santiago of Chile.
Argentinian: More than 785 strikes with Buenos Aires between 1907 and 1910.

Oceania

September 20th: Independence of the New Zealand.

Asia

June 13rd: The convention of Saint-Pétersbourg ratifies the zones of influences of Russia and the Japan in Mandchourie. Mandchourie of North and Mongolia external with Russia, Mandchourie of the South and Korea with the Japan.
July 25th: Japanese protectorate on the Korea.
August 31st: Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. Divide Perse in two zones of influences between the British and the Russians, allowing the constitution of the “Triple Alliance”. The governments of the two countries are committed to respect mutually the territorial integrity of the Afghanistan and not intervening in the businesses Tibetans.
December 17th: Ugyen Wangchuk is elected and becomes the first hereditary king of the Bhutan, melting a dynasty which always reigns on the country.

Famine in India (1907 - 1908).
Fondation in India of the Touched Iron and Steel Company.
Revolt in Ass under the emperor Duy Tân (1907 - 1916).
the Siam restores by treaty the provinces of Battambang and Angkor to the Kampuchea.
Mongolia: The first English commercial firm opens an establishment with Ourga, followed closely by an American firm.

The Middle East

Eighth congress Zionist of $the Hague. The theses of the practical Sionisme, which privilege the installation of Juifs in Palestine on the diplomatic action, collect the majority of the votes. In order to reinforce Jewish establishment, the socialist colonists claim the stop of the use of Arab workmen in the colonies.

the British consider that the Palestine must be integrated in the imperial defensive system. Kitchener establishes contacts with the Arab separatists of Syria and Egypt and considers the fastening of Syria and Palestine in Egypt khédiviale.

Chronologies sets of themes

Arts & culture

September 8th: With Madrid (Spain), alternate of Fermín Muñoz Corchado there González known as “Corchaito” Spanish Matador.
Demolition of the Abbey-with-Wood in Paris.

Art schools

March 2nd: Exposure to Paris of Maurice de Vlaminck.
In July, Young ladies of Avignon of Pablo Picasso, birth of the cubism.
Exposure of painting Symbolist of the blue pink organized to Moscow with the assistance of the patron Riabouchinski.