1905

Events

Europe

January 5th: Demonstration of support with the Russian revolution with Budapest.
January 26th: Insurrection of Warsaw.
April 18th: Strikes in Poland.
April 27th: In Belgium, opening of the World Fair of Liege.
June 18th, Hungary: because of the defeat of his party to the elections legislative, the president of the Council István the Tisza resigns. The general Géza Fejérváry succeeds to him before yielding his place to Sándor Wekerle in 1906.

Vis-a-vis the growing opposition, István the Tisza has recourse to the elections, but is beaten and the liberal party loses the absolute majority for the first time since 1867, and loses the first place with the profit of the freedom fighters. The imperial staff thinks then of an military intervention and the suspension of the Hungarian Constitution. François-Joseph Ier of Austria refuses but chooses firmness by imposing the government extraparlementaire Géza Fejérváry.

July 24th: Meet Björkö between Guillaume II and Nicolas II, which sign a defensive agreement and of mutual assistance between the Germany and the Russia. Lansdirv there assistant an additional article excluding the France, and returning this agreement in fact not exploitable for Germany.
September 15th: Constitutional crisis in Hungary caused by the question of the vote for all, which would have caused the loss of the elections for the freedom fighters by the vote of the minorities: a demonstration organized before the Parliament of Budapest is violently repressed.
September 17th, Germany: massive strikes and street demonstration (1905 - 1906). SPD rejects the call launched by August Bebel in favor of the insurrectionary general strike.
October 28th: The first convention of the National council of the Sinn Féin (“Us Only”) nationalist movement founded by Arthur Griffith in Ireland.
November 4th, Austria: The government announces the introduction of the vote for all.
November 23rd: The French government having rejected the project of continental alliance of the Germany, the Russia refuses to ratify the treaty of Björkö signed in July.
December 4th: Resignation of the conservative government of Arthur Balfour in front of the opposition of the liberals and because of the failure of its conciliating policy as regards customs tariffs. Beginning of the liberal ministry of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister for the the United Kingdom (fine in 1908).

Creation of the the Council of the French-speaking women of Belgium.
the company Krupp Ag employs 55 000 workmen and minors and 5000 engineers.
Installation of a British naval base with Scapa Flow, in the the Orkneys.

Italy

February 20th: Completion of the Tunnel of the Simplon between the Italy and the Swiss .
February: The government submits to the Parliament a bill for the nationalization of the railroads and to prohibit the strike of the railwaymen who retort by proclaiming a work-to-rule strike.
March 4th: Noting its impotence, Giovanni Giolitti resigns. Tommaso Tittoni (March 12th - March 28th), then Alessandro Fortis succeeds to him as presidents of the Council.
April: The new government obtains Parliament the approval of the law on the nationalization of the railroads.
June 19th: The pope Pie X authorizes the catholics to be taken part in the public life without to raise the Non expedit which prohibits to them to take part in the legislative elections.

Creation of the catholic Action whose leaders, conservatives, are subjected to the clergy. Luigi Sturzo directs it.

September 8th: A Earthquake in Calabria draws the attention of the country to the conditions of the South.
December: Criticized hard following a convention with the Spain which disadvantages the agriculture of the South, Fortis resigns. The king entrusts to him the formation of a new government.

France

Scandinavia

June 7th: The Norwegian Parliament notes the rupture of the personal union with the Sweden. The Norway becomes independent of the Sweden. Christian Michelsen east invests as “Prime Minister and a president of the government”.
August 8th: At the end of long talks, a war can be avoided and the dissolution of the Union is decided provided the decision of June 7th is ratified by referendum (368 208 yes for 184 not).
August 13rd: In Norway, 99% of the population approve the separation of with the Sweden.
August 21st - September 29th: Agreements of Karlstad. The Union is indeed dissolved.
October 26th: The king of Sweden Oscar II gives up the throne of Norway.
November 5th: The tsar restores the autonomy of the Finland.
12 - November 13rd: A referendum chooses maintains monarchy in Norway.
November 18th: The Parliament of Norway chooses for king prince Karl of Denmark, which takes for name Haakon VII (fine of reign in 1957).

Russia

January 22nd: Bloody Sunday (or Red Sunday) with Saint-Pétersbourg: The peaceful demonstration carried out by the pope Gapone, asserting better work conditions for the Russian workmen will coldly be repressed, on order of the Tsar: the cossacks will make more than one thousand of deaths. Beginning of the Russian Revolution of 1905.
January 23rd: With Saint-Pétersbourg, beginning of the general strike of the workmen, confrontations with the police force and the army. The Union of the Russian factory workers is dissolved.
January 27th: General strike with Warsaw and Lodz, violently repressed the 29.
February: Agrarian disorders.
February 2nd: Boulyguine becomes Minister of Interior Department.
February 11th: Commission Chidlovski, charged to inquire into the working condition.
February 17th: Assassination of the Serge large-duke, uncle of the tsar, by a Socialist-revolutionist.
19 - February 22nd: Confrontation with Bakou between Arménie NS and Tatars.
February 20th: The students of Saint-Pétersbourg unite with the insurrectionary movement.
March 3rd: The tsar announces reforms and invites the population and the organizations to present to the authorities their proposals in order to improve operation of the State and the situation of the people.
25 - April 30th: Congress Bolshevik with London, conference Menchevik with Geneva. The Bolsheviks decide in favor of the insurrection.
April 30th: Religious liberty.
May 1st: Strikes in Poland.
May 7th: Pogrom S in Bielorussia.
21 - May 22nd: Union of the Unions. The professional Unions federate to form the radical wing of Russian liberalism under the direction of Pavel Milioukov.
21 - May 22nd; 6 - June 8th; 19 - July 21st: Regular congress of the Zemstvo S with Moscow. The liberals and the moderate ones decide in favor of the vote for all and require the convocation of a constituent assembly.
May 25th: Burden with the workmen of the textile of Ivanovo-Voznessensk.
May 27th: A Russian squadron, arrival with large pains the Baltic by sailing round Africa because it did not obtain the right to cross the Suez Canal, is beaten by the Japan with Tsushima.
May 28th: Foundation of the first Soviet with Ivanovo.
June 8th: The Zemstvo S unanimously adopt “proclamation of the nation”.
22 - June 25th: Insurrection with Lodz.
June 27th - July 7th: In Black Sea, beginning of the Mutiny of the battleship Potemkine. Riots with Odessa, subdued by the army.
July 21st: The zemstvos adopt a constitution project.
13 - August 14th: Foundations of the country union panrusse with Moscow and of the Moslem Union panrusse with Nijni-Novgorod ( August).
August 18th: The Tsar Nicolas II of Russia accepts the creation of a Douma , (assembled), elected by the restricted and indirect vote (Duma Boulyguine).
September 9th: Reopening of the universities which find their autonomy.

2 - October 18th: Burden with the typographers of Moscow.
October 20th: Beginning of a strike of the railroads which are transformed into general strike, to claim the 8 hours day, the democratic liberties and the convocation of a constituent Assembly.
25 - October 31st: Foundation of the democratic constitutional Left (KD) by the liberals, resulting from the Union of Release.
October 26th: Soviet of Saint-Pétersbourg created by the Mencheviks. The Izvestia are the press agency.
October 30th: The tsar grants a constitution.
October 31st - November 3rd: Pogrom of Odessa at the instigation of the “black centuries”.
In November, Dimitri Chipov, Alexandre Goutchkov and Michel Rodzianko found the Mouvement octobrist, linking the political parties supporting the new Constitution.
November 1st: Resignation of the prosecutor of the holy synod Pobiedonostsev.
November 1st (October 19th of the Calendar Julien): Creation of the true Council of Ministers chaired by Serge Witte. Proclamation of October of Serge Witte: civic freedoms, future development of the vote for all, real association of a Duma elected with the legislative process. Partial amnesty.
November 4th: Foundation of the Union of the Russian people, organization of extreme right-hand side.
8 - November 10th: Beginning of the revolt of the sailors and soldiers of Kronstadt, in the periphery of Saint-Pétersbourg.
November 12th: The Soviet of Saint-Pétersbourg supports the strike for the 8 hours day.
November 16th: Abolition of the annual installments of repurchase still which had by the released peasants of the Serfdom.
19 - November 23rd: Second congress of the country Union with Moscow.
November 21st: Return of Lénine in Moscow.
November 23rd: Formation of the Union of October 17th, right wing of the democratic constitutional party, founded on the refusal of the constitutional monarchy.
23 - November 28th: Riots of the fleet in Black Sea.
23 - November 28th: Insurrection of Sébastopol.
December 5th: Formation of the Soviet of Moscow.
December 9th: Arrest of the president of the Soviet of Saint-Pétersbourg, Nosar-Khroustalev, replaced by a collegial direction of three members, of which Trotski.
December 15th: Financial proclamation of the Soviet of Saint-Pétersbourg, calling with the tax and financial strike. Arrest of the Soviet of Saint-Pétersbourg.
December 20th: Beginning of the general strike with Moscow.
21 - December 31st: Insurrection of the Soviet of Moscow. Failure.
December 23rd: In Moscow, the strike degenerates into armed rising.
December 24th: Electoral law: Indirect vote censitaire and per curie: a Great Elector by 2000 landowners, 7000 townsmen, 30000 peasants and 90000 workmen.
25 - December 30th: Social democrat conference of Tammersfors.
January 13rd 1906 (December 31st of the Calendar Julien): First congress of the revolutionary socialist party in Finland under the presidency of Lénine, which meets Stalin for the first time: preparation of an armed insurrection and alliance with the Mencheviks.
December: Pacification of the Baltic provinces, the Poland, the Ukraine, the the Caucasus and the Siberia.

to also see: the Far East/War Russo-Japanese woman . Russian Revolution of 1905

Swiss

March 3rd: First motor-show of Geneva.
May 19th: Inauguration of the Tunnel of the Simplon.

the shoe-makers and the workmen of the building put themselves in strike at Zurich.
the Socialists obtain two seats at the time of the elections at the National council.

Africa

First Moroccan crisis.

March 31st: Visit and speech of Guillaume II with Tangier (Coup of Tangier). He is opposed to the French penetration in Morocco.
April 1st: At the instigation of the Germany, the sultan Abd Al-Aziz of Morocco request the convocation of an International Conference on the Morocco.

Agreement of the June 7th made to Paris between the ministries for the Interior and the Colonies, to establish the zones of influences of the general government of AOF and the French possessions of North Africa. The limit is fixed by a line on the basis of the Cape Noun in the Moroccan South, moving towards Tin Zaouaten while passing between In Ouzel in north and Timiaouine in the south and falling under the direction of Mourzouk.
July 8th: Agreement between the France and the Germany on the convocation of an International Conference on the Morocco.
October 31st: The Commission Report of investigation into the State independent of Congo denounces the reserved treatment with the indigenous population by the colonial authorities.
December 12th: Adoption by France of the first decree officially prohibiting the draft of the natives in the colonies.

Preaching of Kamwana to the Nyassaland. It will be off-set in 1907.
Revolt Maji Maji against the Germans with the Tanganyika, in particular against the obligatory cultures (1905 - 1907). Cotton fields are set fire to, then the revolt is spread in all the south of the colony. The various ethnos groups of the area gather behind a religious leader, Kinjilitile Ngawale. The repression, carried out according to the technique of the burned ground, fact of 75 000 with 120 000 dead.
Revolt Gusii in British Eastern Africa (1905 - 1908).
Reduction of the size of the indigenous reserves to the Kenya (as from 1905) and on behalf of the cultivable grounds by African.
VIIe congress Zionist refuses the British offer to install a State Juif in Uganda.
Discovered the January 26th of the Cullinan, larger diamond of the world close to Pretoria.

Americas

North America

February 23rd: With Chicago, Paul Harris creates the first Rotary Club.
March 23rd: Following the resignation of Simon-Napoleon Relative, Lomer Gouin (liberal) becomes Prime Minister with the Quebec.
Foundation in June with Chicago of the Industrial Workers off the World (IWW) by two hundred Socialists, radical anarchists and trade unionists (Eugene Debs, Bill Haywood, Mother Mary Jones…). Wobblies (members of the IWW) reject the corporatism of AFL and wish to gather the workers without discrimination of sex, race or qualification. They preach the direct action and the self-defense in the event of aggression.
1 {{er}} September: With the Canada, the Saskatchewan (capital: Regina) and the Alberta (capital: Edmonton) becomes the Canadian eighth and ninth provinces (under the terms of the Act of Saskatchewan and the Act of Alberta).

“Movement of the Niagara”: W.E.B. Wood invites the black leaders to meet close to the Chutes the Niagara.
Of the black families settles with Harlem.
Creation of the National Office off Standard, which opens the era of the mass production.

Latin America

Night of the February 3rd: Beginning of a rising armed in Argentinian, led by the radical civic Union of Hipólito Yrigoyen. The government succeeds in damming up it.

“red Week” with Santiago of Chile. Repression makes 40 dead.
Brazil: Incident of the Panther . The sailors of a German warship, the Panther , unload with Santa Catarina to apprehend a German immigrant, with the contempt of the international rules.
American Intervention in Dominican Republic, to undoubtedly avoid a German intervention. The country is then unable to refund its foreign creditors.
Treated between the Dominican Republic and the the United States, which take the control of the customs duties of the country until in 1941.

Oceania

the Community of Rua in New Zealand.

Asia

Central Asia

Mars: The the United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Afghanistan.
Rebellions in the part of the Eastern Tibet controlled by the Qing. A amban and French missionaries considered to be too close to the Chinese are killed. This revolt involves the bloody repression of the general Mandchou Zhao Erfeng, “the butcher of the Kham”. This one imposes reforms on the Chinese model and creates the province of the Xikang, in Tibet of the East, of which he becomes governor in 1908.
Mongolia: Under the influence of the Russian communist revolutionists, the movement Dougouylang is propagated in the khanats Khalkha S.
Ouverture of a Russian consulate with Ouliastaï, in Mongolia, intended to facilitate the economic and commercial penetration Russian following the defeat of the Russia against the Japan. The Russian exports, limited by the Manchu commercial restrictions, remain overdrawn compared to the imports (hair of horse, cattle).
Discovered oil reservoirs to the Tibet.

Southeast Asia

April 4th: A Earthquake of magnitude 7.5 fact 19 000 victims with Kangra in India.
August 7th: Lord Curzon operates the partition of the Bengal in India.
August 12th: Renewal of the treaty anglo-Japanese on the division of the influence enters the two countries to Asia. The British conclude an alliance with the Japan for joint defense from the India and the Malaysia.

Terrorist movement militant in India inspired by the Hindouisme and directed by Ball Gangadhar Tilak, a Brahman of the Maharashtra (1905 - 1909).
Movement of mass on the topic of the swaraj (self-government) inspired by Ball against the division of the province of the Bengal. The activists, of which some belong to the Indian National congress, develop new forms of actions: boycott of the English products and the English schools.
Creation of the first trade union Indonesia N, the Union of the Railroad workers of the State .

China

the empress Cixi, decided to make reforms, calls with the businesses Yuan Shikai.
September: Abolition of the system of the mandarinaux examinations. The training of the civils servant will be done within technical training schools and of the Université of Beijing.

War Russo-Japanese woman

January 2nd: Russian capitulation with Port-Arthur. The Japanese government launches more 200 000 men with the attack of the Mandchourie (Liaoning), directed by the general Nogi Kiten.
February 21st - March 10th: Russian defeat of Moukden. The Japanese are Masters of all Mandchourie power station and Southerner. The tsar orders the lifting of additional troops.
27 - May 28th: The Russian fleet of the Baltic , charged to transport the reinforcements to the Liaoning, is destroyed by the Japanese of the admiral Togo with the Bataille of Tsushima. Japanese is Masters of all the Mandchourie central and southernmost.
July 30th: The Japanese seize Sakhaline.
September 5th: Traité of Portsmouth under American arbitration enters Japan and Russia (the last international agreement in French to be taken vis-a-vis the translations), end of the war Russo-Japanese woman. The Japanese obtain a lease on the Guandong (southern of the peninsula of the Liaodong), a colony in the south of Sakhaline (Karafuto, end in 1945) and a protectorate on the Korea (November 17th). The two states begin to evacuate their troops stationed in Chinese territory.
November 17th: Treated protection, imposed on the Korea after the war Russo-Japanese woman, by which the Japan takes the control of the Korean Foreign affairs, then police force and army, currency and banking system, communications and of all the vital sectors. These changes are fought by the king Kojong and a guerilla sets up himself.

The Middle East

6 - February 9th: The viceroy of Transcaucasia, the prince Galitzine, arms the Tartar with Azerbaïdjan and launches them against the Arménie NS, with Bakou initially, then in all the Transcaucasia. The Armenians resist, and the engagements cease in August, when the two communities uncovered the duplicity of the Russians who drew up them the ones against the others. Galitzine is pointed out.

constitutional Revolution in Persian (1905 - 1911).
Arrived of Jewish Ashkénazes Russian in Holy Land.

Chronologies sets of themes

Aeronautical: 1905 in aeronautics.
Railroads: 1905 in the railroads.
Sports: 1905 in sport.
Sciences and technology: 1905 in science
Arts & cultures:

the Nobel Prize of peace is allotted to the Austrian novelist Bertha von Suttner.
August 5th - August 12th: Boulogne-sur-Mer, France: First universal Congress of Esperanto.
Publication of the “ Three tests on sexuality ” of Sigmund Freud.
September 28th: With Seville (Spain), alternate of Jose Gallego Mateo known as “Pepete”, Spanish Matador.

Art schools

February 10th: Exposure of Picabia to Paris.
May 29th: Inauguration of the Museum of decorative Arts with Paris.
May 31st: Paul Klee arrives at Paris.
June 7th: Creation, with Dresden, of the artistic movement Die Brücke, hearth of the German expressionnism.
October 18th - November 25th: Historical birth of the fawn-coloured movement with the 3rd living room of autumn.
November 25th: Opening to New York of the Gallery off Photo-Secession , on the initiative of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz.
Sonia Terk (Sonia Delaunay) settles with Paris.
the Lion being hungry , fabric of the Douanier Rousseau.
the Bridge of Westminster , fabric of Derain.

Nobel Prize

Nobel Prize of physics: Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
Nobel Prize of chemistry: Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
Nobel Prize of physiology or medicine: Robert Koch
Nobel Prize of literature: Henryk Sienkiewicz
Nobel Prize of peace: Bertha Sophie Congratulated Von Suttner

Births in 1905

January 2nd: Sir Michael Tippett, Type-setter English. († January 9th 1998).
January 17th: Dattatreya Ramachandra Kaprekar, Indian mathematician († 1988)
January 21st: Christian Dior, French dressmaker
January 23rd: max Favalelli, French journalist
January 29th: Barnett Newman, American painter

February 7th: Paul Nizan, French writer
February 6th: Wladislaw Gomulka, Polish politician († August 31st 1982)
February 21st: Lev Atamanov, Russian cartoon film realizer

March 19th: Albert Speer, architect and Minister of the Nazi Germany († September 1st 1981)
March 23rd: Paul Grimault, French realizer of cartoons

1 {{er}} April: Gaston Eyskens, Belgian politician
April 26th: Jean Vigo, French scenario writer

May 1st:

Henry Koster, realizer, scenario writer and producing American of German origin.
Emmanuel Mounier, French philosopher

May 15th: Abraham Zapruder, scenario writer amateur († August 30th 1970) having filmed the Assassination of John F. Kennedy.
May 16th: Henry Founded, actor American

June 11th: Frederic Pottecher, legal chronicler French
June 21st: Jean-Paul Sartre French philosopher and writer
June 29th: Louis Scutenaire, writer and surrealist Poet Belgian of French expression († August 15th 1987)

July 29th: Dag Hammarskjöld, diplomatic Swedish, Nobel Prize of peace in 1961

August 3rd: Franz König, cardinal Austrian.
August 5th: Wassily Leontief, economist Russo-American, Nobel 1973 († 1999).
August 9th: Pierre Klossowski, writer and draftsman French
August 13rd: Litri (Manual Báez Gómez), Spanish Matador († February 18th 1926).
August 16th: Marian Rejewski, Cryptologue Polish († February 13rd 1980)

September 3rd: Carl David Anderson, physicist, Nobel Prize of physics
September 18th: Greta Garbo, actress

October 10th: Maximilien Rubel, communist theorist
October 22nd: Karl Jansky, physicist and engineer radio operator American

1 {{er}} November: Paul-Emile Borduas, Québécois painter
November 5th: Louis Rose tree, racing driver French
November 17th: Astrid Bernadotte, princess of Sweden, fourth queen of the Belgian († August 29th 1935)

December 7th: Gerald Kuiper, Dutch astronomer
December 9th: Dalton Trumbo, scenario writer and American realizer
December 22nd: Pierre Brasseur, French actor
December 31st: Guy Mollet, French politician († October 3rd 1975)

Death in 1905

January 9th: Louise Michel, professor, militant, one of the main actors of the Commune of Paris
February 2nd: German Henri, banker, founder of the Crédit Lyonnais
February 15th: Lewis Wallace, American writer
March 24th: Jules Verne, French writer
May 26th: Alphonse de Rothschild, regent of Banque de France
April 6th: Henry Benedict Medlicott, British geologist
June 15th: Carl Wernicke, doctor Polish (° May 15th 1848)
June 23rd: William Thomas Blanford, geologist and British Naturalist
August 19th: William-Adolphe Bouguereau, French painter
August 29th: Jean-Marie Déguignet, French writer
September 14th: Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, exploring French
October 3rd: José-Maria de Heredia, French poet
October 6th: Ferdinand von Richthofen, geographer and German geologist .
October 23rd: Emile Oustalet, zoologist French (° 1844).
October 28th: Alphonse Allais, writer and humorist French

Beats-smg: 1905 Be-X-old: 1905 Map-bms: 1905 Simple: 1905 Zh-yue: 1905 年

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