This page relates to the year 1889 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

  • In July, foundation of the Second International of the workers.

Africa

  • January 10th: The France establishes its Protectorat on the Coast-D' Ivory.

  • March 9th: The Négus of Ethiopia Yohannès IV lance a great offensive against the Mahdistes. The Ethiopian ones are victorious with Métemma on 60  000 mahdists.
  • March 10th: The Négus of Ethiopia Yohannès IV dies of the continuations of its wounds.
  • May 2nd: The Traité of Uccialli establishes the theoretical protectorate of the Italy on the Ethiopia. Ménélik II, supported by the Italian troops, which had negotiated with the négus Yohannès IV a death tax, devotes the penetration of Italy in Erythrée, in the north of the Mareb. Rome recognizes the new emperor.
  • June 13rd: The Canadian Explorateur William Grant Stairs discovers the Rivière Semliki which is a source of the the Nile.
  • June 24th: Curt von François unloads with Walvis Bay.
  • August 3rd: Occupation of Asmara by the Italians, on the coast of the Red Sea, which will be soon the chief town of the province of Erythrée.
  • October 6th: Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller makes the first rise of Kibo on Kilimandjaro.
  • October 29th: Creation of the British South Africa Chartered Company . Great Britain delivers a charter with a company directed by Cecil Rhodos authorizing it to organize the colonization of the Bechuanaland and other areas of the South Africa.
  • November 4th: Ménélik II obtains the allegiance of a large majority of the Ethiopian nobility. It is made crown Négus Ethiopia little time after, restoring the dynasty of the Salomonides (fine in 1913).
  • December 30th: Beginning of the reign of Béhanzin, king of Abomey (fine in 1894). The practice founded since the reign of Ghézo to entrust the central administration or territorial to princes of the royal line threatens safety of the State to the Dahomey.

  • italo-British Agreement delimiting the spheres of influence of the two countries in Somalia. Italian protectorate on the sultanates of Obbia and Midjertein.
  • Zanzibar is committed abolishing the Esclavage and grants the right of access to the Germany and the the United Kingdom.
  • the Tanganyika becomes German colony. The sultan of Zanzibar is constrained to yield this territory, in exchange of an allowance of 4 million marks.
  • More than 54 military engagements, accompanied by deaths, of destruction of village, cattle or harvests, takes place in Tanganyika of 1889 with 1896.
  • Lobengula, king of the Matabélé, in vain sends a delegation to London to make repeal the treaty of 1888 or obtain a protectorate of the United Kingdom to defend oneself against rapacity of the colonists.
  • the Portuguese Serpa Pinto in vain tries to join together the Angola with the Mozambique.
  • War of Ngumgunyane against the Portuguese with the Mozambique (1889 - 1894).
  • Foundation of Bangui by the Dolisie brothers on order of Savorgnan de Brazza.
  • the general Archinard conquers the remainders of the empire of El Hadj Omar (Mali) of 1889 with 1892.
  • the States Yoruba plunder their vassal to compensate for the loss of revenue due to the repression of trade slave trader of smuggling. The Great Britain benefits from the disorders to officialize its protectorate on the “rivers of oil”.
  • Revolt of the Temne and Mende against the tax in Sierra Leone.
  • an embassy Morocco groin goes to Berlin to sign there a commercial treaty and a contract of armament. Germany anxious to balance the French and British penetration on the African continent, thus intends to increase its influence with the Morocco.

  • Foundation of the newspaper Iwe Irohin , in language Yoruba, with the Nigeria.

  • Company of Congo for the trade and industry .
  • the Railroad company of Low Congo , charged to build the line Matadi - Léopoldville, is equipped with vast territories (: 616000 ha).

Americas

the United States

  • January 2nd: Agreement enters the principal railroad companies made up at Morgan, to the 219 Madison Avenue with New York.
  • February 22nd: Grover Cleveland sign the law admitting the North Dakota, the South Dakota, the Montana and the Washington in the Union.
  • March 4th: Beginning of the republican presidency of Benjamin Harrison (fine in 1893).
  • April 22nd: The Oklahoma is officially opened with colonization. In a few hours, the district, located in Indian territory, is occupied by 50  000 colonists. It is under the pressure of the farmers, the railway companies and the real estate agents that president Harrison with decided the colonization of Oklahoma.
  • October 2nd: Opening to Washington of the first International Conference of the American States. The United States proposes a kind of customs union on a continent scale. The participants separate on a failure, the United States wanting to prohibit in all the continent the European products. The Latin-American ones, in particular Argentinian the, anxious ones to protect their sovereignty, accept only the creation of a commercial Office of the American Republics.
  • November 2nd: The North Dakota and South Dakota become the thirty-ninth and fortieth States of the American Union.
  • November 8th: The Montana becomes it forty-and-unième State of the American Union.
  • November 11th: The State of Washington becomes the State forty-second of the American Union.

Brazil

  • November 15th: The mode of the emperor Pierre II of Brazil, become very unpopular near the land great landowners, to have abolished slavery, is reversed by the army, directed by the general Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca. The Republic is proclaimed ( Repuplica velha , 1889 - 1930) and the army enters on the Brazilian political scene. The nation is informed that the imperial dynasty is détrônée. Everyone accepts it (the growers give up an empire which émancipait the slaves). In the provinces, only Bahia and the Maranhão react unfavourably. The emperor abdicates and leaves in exile. He dies in Paris the December 5th 1891.
  • By the decree of the November 16th, Manual Deodoro da Fonseca|Deodoro creates without bloodsheds a Federal republic and convenes a constituent assembly. It decides the separation of the Church and State on the model of the United States. The pope approves.
  • the December 3rd, a committee of five lawyers prepares the Constitution. The minister Ruy Barbosa gives him a “presidential” orientation. The Republic which wants to be progressist, actually is entirely controlled by the oligarchy of the Republican party.

  • 636 factories with the Brazil (around fifty in 1850).

Oceania

  • June 14th: Anglo-American treaty on the the Solomon Islands. The two countries guarantee their independence and their neutrality under the monitorings of the great powers.

Asia and Indian world

  • Decree organizing the free installation of Russian peasants to the Kazakhstan. More than one million Slavic peasants are established in the north of the steppes between 1889 and 1914.
  • India: Mirwa Gholam Ahmad founds the movement Ahmadiya, which will become the principal promoter of the Islamic rebirth.
  • Foundation of the Bengal Iron and Steel Company .

Japan

  • February 11th: Promulgation of the Constitution of Meiji, written by the prince Hirobumi Itō (1848 - 1909). It establishes two Rooms, one elected by the vote censitaire, the other, partly named, the Room of the pars. The Rooms form the imperial Parliament. The Constitution confers on the Parliament (Diet) the right to discuss and approve the budget, that to make the laws. Competences of the two Rooms being appreciably the same ones, no law is adopted if one or the other of these authorities does not approve it. The Japan becomes the first nonEuropean country to obtain a modern constitution.

  • February 12th: Assassination of the Minister for education Mori Arinori by a priest of the Shintô.

The Middle East

  • July 14th: Foundation with Istanbul by the liberal opposition of the Committee Union and Progress (CUP), which diffuses its laic ideas and positivists through the Ottoman Empire by the formation of clandestine cells made up mainly of civils servant and officers.

  • Palestine: establishment of the Jewish Colonization Association (ICA), rested by the baron Maurice de Hirsch. It takes care of the organization of the colonization, which takes a nationalist character, and evokes the creation of a Jewish national hearth.

  • the Persian shah of granting of the banking concessions to the British (Persian imperial Bank) and to the Russians. The British obtain the monopoly on the tobaccos.
  • Discovered of an oil reservoir in the area of Kirmancha in Iran by a French mission directed by Jacques de Morgan.
  • Construction of the Sirkedji station to Istanbul, intended to accommodate the East-Express train, which connects the Turkey to the European capitals.
  • `Ali Youssef, a young sheik Azharite, protected from Riyadh, makes appear the first completely Egyptian newspaper, Al-Driven' ayyad , where the refusal of the British presence is expressed.

Europe

  • Mars: The president of the council Italy N Francesco Crispi resigns after a debate on the financial policy of the government and takes again the capacity after a rehandling.

  • March 6th: The king of Serbia Milan Obrenović, put in difficulty by the conservatives pro-Austrians and the radicals pro-Russian, abdicates in favor of his son Alexandre (12 years), framed by a council of regency.

  • May 3rd - June 6th: General strike of the minors in Germany. Whereas Bismarck defends repression (intervention of the army), Guillaume II prefers the negotiation. The emperor imposes his point of view and the minors obtain win.

  • May 11th: With the the United Kingdom, the Communes adopt the Naval Defense Act , law of defense which guarantees the financing of a national marine which will be the first of the world.

  • June: Inauguration on Campo of' Fiori with Rome of one monument to the memory of humanistic the Giordano Bruno, victim of the Enquiry in 1600. It starts again antagonism between the Italy and the the Vatican.

  • July 12th: Restrictive law on the migrations in Russia. Need for a permission of the ministry for the interior and ministry for the Fields of the State.
  • July 24th: Removal of the Justice of the Peace in Russia, except in the big cities. Creation in the districts of countryside of the rural chief ( Zemski natchalnik ), cumulating administrative and legal capacities. Noble, named by the government, it depends on the ministry for the interior.
  • October 10th: Beginning of the reign of Charles Ier, king of the Portugal (fine in 1908).
  • November 4th: Inauguration in Prussia of the Vennbahn.

  • the Germany aligns on the Mediterranean agreement of 1887 between 1889 and 1894.

  • the Othoman troops repress the rising of the Greeks of Crete.
  • With the congress of Presbourg the Hungarian working party, equipped with a new direction (Paul Engelmann) decides to start again agitation.
  • the German revolutionist Rosa Luxembourg is exiled in Suisse.
  • Foundation of the social democrat party in Austria.
  • Foundation of the democratic social Party of Sweden.
  • Law on disability and old age in Germany: foundation of a case supplied with half by the owners and the workers which ensures of the services in the event of industrial accident and a pension as from 65 years.
  • Law on work protecting the women and the children with the Netherlands.
  • the Italy adopts a new penal code, known as code Zanardelli, which comprises in particular the abolition of the Capital punishment.
  • tariff Guerre enters the Italy and the France which obstructs sicilian wine exports. It is in this context that the socialist movement of the Faisceaux of sicilian workers (Fasci) develops, especially made up farm laborer.

France

See also: 1889 in France

Swiss

  • Birth of the rhetic Railroads.
  • Opening of the University of Freiburg.
  • the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck threatens to take sanctions against Switzerland: the police force argovienne having stopped the German police officer Adolf Wohlgemuth, whereas it recruited Swiss ground indicators.
  • Brought into service of the railroad of Pilate.

Chronologies sets of themes

Railroads

Sports

  • First French club of Football created by English residents, Athletic Le Havre Club.

Climate

  • estival Warming as from 1889.

Arts & culture

See also: 1889 in music, 1889 in literature, 1889 with the theater

  • March 31st: World Fair to Paris France. Inauguration of the Eiffel Tower.
  • the British writer Robert Louis Stevenson arrives at Hawaii.
  • the artists of Bridge-Swallow-hole make known themselves with the exposure Peintres Symbolists and synthetists organized to the Café Volpini with Paris.
  • With the ball of the mill of the Wafer , fabric of Toulouse-Lautrec.
  • yellow Christ of Gauguin.
  • Gauguin joined Vincent Van Gogh with Arles. Their relation worsens and is completed by an argument during which Van Gogh threatens Gauguin with a razor. The same night, Van Gogh slices an ear. A few months later, it enters of full liking to the asylum of Saint-Rémy-of-Provence where it paints with eagerness ( yellow Corns , the Starlight night , Autoportrait with the cut ear ).
  • Construction with Moscow in the style néo-nationalist of the Shopping malls of current the Goum by Pomerantsev (fine in 1893).
  • Ethiopia: Ménélik II makes build on the heights of Entotto the churches of Maryam and Ragouél.

Sciences & technology

  • Discovered Hertzian waves.
  • the inventor Emile Reynaud develops its optical Théâtre.
  • Japanese Kunamoto isolates the bacillus from the Tétanos.

Births in 1889

Death in 1889

  • January 30th: the archduke Rodolphe de Habsbourg and Marie Vetsera.
  • March 14th: Enrico Tamberlick, 69 years, singer of opera ( Tenor ) Italy N. (° March 16th 1820).
  • April 9th: Eugene Chevreul, French chemist (° 1786).
  • April 23rd: Jules Barbey d' Aurevilly, French writer (° 1808).
  • May 21st: Gaston Planted, French physicist.
  • June 21st: Bocanegra (Manual Fuentes there Rodríguez), Spanish Matador (° March 21st 1837).
  • July 20th: Anton Ausserer, German Naturalist specialist in the Spider S (° 1843).
  • September 28th: the General Louis Leon César Faidherbe, former governor of the Senegal, large chancellor of the Legion of honor (° 1818).
  • October 6th: Jules Dupre, French painter (° 1811).
  • October 8th: Johann Jakob von Tschudi, Exploring diplomat, and Swiss Naturalist (° 1818).
  • October 11th: James Prescott Joule, British physicist (° 1818).
  • October 19th: Dom Luiz of Portugal, king of the Portugal of 1861 to 1889.
  • December 6th: Champfleury, of its true name Jules Husson, French writer.

  • Ganendra Mohan Tagore, Indian lawyer, national hero, reformist and well-read man.

Beats-smg: 1889 Be-X-old: 1889 Map-bms: 1889 Simple: 1889 Zh-yue: 1889 年

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