1880

This page relates to the year 1880 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • March 20th: Gallieni is elected in French Sudan (Mali) by France to tie relations with the local leaders, to establish counters and to build a railway to penetrate inside the continent.
  • March 29th: The captain Gallieni arrives at Bafoulabé, with the Mali, where it obtains a treaty with the local leaders and establishes a Protectorat.
  • April 25th: Gallieni sign a treaty with Tokontan Keita, which places Kita under French protectorate. The Bambara attack it with Dio and Ahmadou, chief Toucouleur of Sudan Occidental, orders to him to stop its walk with Nango, 40 km before Ségou, where there remains practically prisoner of June 1880 in March 1881.
  • August 8th: Opening to Boma, by missionary S Catholic S, first school of Congo (future Congo-Kinshasa), counting upon the departure a score of children.
  • September 6th: Creation of the higher government of the High-River, with for seat Médine, then Kayes as of 1881. It depends on the government of the Senegal. Gustave Borgnis-Desbordes is the higher commander.
  • September 10th: Treaty of French sovereignty between Makoko, king of the Téké (future Congo-Brazzaville), and Brazza.
  • October 3rd: foundation of Brazzaville, capital of Congo (future Congo-Brazzaville), by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (1852-1905).
  • November 10th: Treaty of Nango between the sultan Ahmadou and Joseph Gallieni. The commander of the believers grants to France the privilege of the most favoured nation against guns and money and the insurance that no country Toucouleur is conquered. Ahmadou, which is wary of the French of which he does not manage to bore the intentions, will refuse to ratify it.
  • December 16th: Insurrection of the Boers to the Transvaal directed by Paul Kruger, Marthinus Pretorius and Petrus Joubert. The British are driven out Transvaal.
  • December 20th: Beginning of the first War of Boers with the attack of a British military convoy with Bronkhorstspruit (fine the March 23rd 1881).
  • December 30th: The Transvaal becomes a republic and Paul Kruger its first president.

  • Samori Touré makes the seat of Kankan (fine in 1881).
  • German Repression against the worship of Denteh , with the Togo.
  • Forwarding of the Austrian Oskar Lenz who, come from the Morocco, passes by Tindouf and Araouane and made halt with Tombouctou. It returns to Europe by the Senegal, after a stay with Nioro and Médine.
  • Forwarding of Wilhelm Junker on the Uélé (1880 - 1886).
  • the city Mandé - Dyula of Kong account 15  000 prosperous inhabitants who live trade between the cities of the loop of the Niger and ports of the gulf of the Guinea.
  • From 1880, of multiple calamities ruins the economy of the Ankole: cattle plague, invasion of chew, epidemics of variola and tetanus.
  • Creation of the French Company of equatorial Africa.

The Maghreb

  • March 5th - May 17th: Mission of the colonel Paul Flatters with the the Sahara, the beginning of Ouargla, to recognize the layout of a future Trans-Saharan railroad. It reaches the lake Menkhough but must turn back.
  • July 3rd: The Conférence of Madrid open in May on the capitulary privileges of Europeans to the Morocco ends in the confirmation of the privileges defined by convention Béclard: maintains right of protection and freedom from tax for the nationals and protected from the foreign powers and generalization from the clause from the most favoured nation.
  • December 4th: The colonel Paul Flatters reorganizes his mission and leaves Ouargla for the Hoggar in spite of the hostility of the aménokal Ahitaghel (fine in 1881).

  • the Italy obtains the concession of the railroad Tunis - Goulette, disputed with the French.
  • the company of French bank of the maritime counters opens the first foreign bank with Tripoli.
  • Benjamin Cases and Solomon Reinach, of the Alliance Jew, opens schools and works with the elimination of illiteracy and the occidentalization of the Juifs of Tunisia.

America

See also: 1880 in Canada

  • January 1st: Beginning of the boring of the Panama Canal (fine in 1887).

  • March 22nd, war of the Pacific: Chilean terrestrial victory with the Battle of Los Ángeles
  • April: Beginning of preserving hegemony in Colombia (fine in 1930). The general Rafael Núñez, conservative, succeeds the liberals like chair of the United States of Colombia and will follow a centralizing policy by repressing all the Colombian federalistic movements.
  • June 6th: Battle of the Viola of Allianza, in the war of the Pacific between the Chile and the Peru, during which 300 men of the battalion of pomegranates of Tacna (Peru) face with the body with body more 3  000 Chilean.
  • August 5th: Foundation of the Alliance of the North-West ( Farmers' Alliance ) to the the United States. The farmers of the Texas, involved in debt by the system of “pledges on harvest”, meet to form co-operatives, to buy joint material and to obtain the prices low, and to sell their joint cotton (“ Bulking ”). In 1886, the Farmers Alliance will bring together a hundred and thousand farmers in two thousand pennies groups.
  • September 1st: A constituent assembly meets pout to give a new democratic Constitution to the Honduras, work of the president Marco Aurelio Soto, which guarantees the freedom of the worships, the press, work, industry, the trade and navigation. These constitutional freedoms will not survive Aurelio Soto.
  • October 30th: Tegucigalpa becomes capital Honduras.
  • the November 2nd, election of James Abram Garfield like President of the United States of America.

Oceania & the Pacific

  • June 26th: The French government obtains from the queen Pomaré V the transfer of full and whole sovereignty of all the territories depending on the crown of Tahiti.

Asia

  • January 3rd: Publication in India of the weekly magazine Illustrated Weekly , which will become off the weekly edition of the '' Times India ''.

  • February 19th: The Chinese government asks to renegotiate the Traité of Livadia concerning the transfer the Russia of the area of Ili (Chinese Turkestan). This treaty at summer signed the previous year by a Chinese emissary without the authorization of the court. The China mobilizes its troops on the Russian border.
  • April 1st: The British seize Kandahar following the revolt of the Afghans against the emir Ya' hb.
  • July 22nd: Abd Al-Rahman Khan, grandson of Dost Mohammad, goes up on the throne of Afghanistan (fine in 1901). During its reign, it regulates territorial conflicts with India and Russia, created a professional army, and weakens the capacities of several tribal chiefs.
  • July 27th: Afghan Victoire on the British with the Battle of Maiwand.
  • September 1st: British Victoire on the Afghans with the Battle of Kandahar.
  • September: Abd Al-Rahman Khan confirms the transfer of the Passe of Khyber and that of other Afghan territories to the British, who recognize the Afghan borders.

  • Chinese the Prime Minister Li Hongzhang lance a construction schedule of a modern fleet of war.
  • the Japanese State reassigns with the private sector and at low prices many state enterprises.
  • the political theorist Yamagata Aritomo justifies the colonial expansion of the Japan by its theory of the circles, each sphere inside the various circles which surround Japan having to be successively consolidated then protected from outside.

The Middle East

  • June 20th: Rise of the nationalist opposition to the Lebanon. The first wall cupboards claiming the return of the constitutionalism and the independence of the Lebanon are posted on the walls of Beirut.

  • the Othoman Sultan manages to move away the threat from a seizure on the Syria by implying the France in the question and in the incentive to develop its action to with it.

  • Kurdish Revolt in Anatolia Eastern, carried out by the Sheik Obeidullah. Initially turned against the Ottoman Empire, it takes the character of a Djihad against the Arménie NS. The Othoman sultan will exploit his character antiarménien skilfully to rejoin the big families with his panislamist cause. Until 1914, more 100  000 Kurdish will be established in the areas of Mouch, Van and Erzeroum, migration accompanied by violences, plunderings and expropriations. The Turks themselves arm the Kurds, and regiments of cavalry Hamidié form some which make reign terror (1891). The Armenians must lodge in winters the Kurdish nomads and must pay with their chiefs a tax in addition to the Turkish tax. The Armenians, initially disarmed, organize resistance.

  • the British deputy Laurence Oliphant publishes “ the country of Gilead ”, in which he recommends the installation of Jews in the East of the Jordan, under Othoman suzerainty and British protection.

Europe

  • February: The France, the the United Kingdom and the Germany recognize officially the independence of the Romania.

  • March 14th, Italy: Meeting with Bologna of the Socialists of Romagna and Emilie, organized by the revolutionist Andrea Costa. This meeting is a first step towards the federation of all the Socialists of Italy.
  • March 23rd: The prince Alexandre Ier of Bulgaria, which had to resort to new legislative elections with the Sabranie after its refusal to name a liberal government, is repudiated by the country, which sends a new liberal majority.
  • April: At the conclusion of a frontier conflict with the Montenegrins, under the pressure of the Westerners, Istanbul yields the areas of Hoti and Gruda to the Montenegro.
  • April 28th: End of the preserving ministry Benjamin Disraeli with the the United Kingdom. Beginning of the liberal ministry of William E. Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (fine in 1885).
    • the disorders in South Africa and India, associated with the economic crisis, agricultural (amplification of the rural migration) and social (rise of unemployment), cause the fall of the Disraeli government. The success of the liberals to the elections brings Gladstone to the capacity.
  • May: Election legislative in Italy. The line gains approximately 170 seats, the governmental left 220 and the extreme left a hundred. This power struggle will lead Depretis to seek an agreement with the line and to compose of the coalitions (“transformism”).
  • June, Spain: Foundation of the party “fusionist” by the chief of the constitutional deputies, Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, which gathers the liberals rejoined with the new dynasty and mark a first step towards the foundation of a liberal party.
  • July: Abolition of the law on the flour in Italy. This measurement will be applied only gradually.
  • Swiss August 25th, : the vapor Neptune runs at the time of a storm on the Lac of Bienne. 15 victims are deplored.
  • September 17th: The Othoman sultan gives up the town of Ulqin, with the Montenegro.
  • November 19th: Formation in Germany of a liberal Association directed by von Stauffenberg, which gathers the adversaries of the protectionism and the abandonment of the Kulturkampf after Bismarck made adopt in July the first law of softening in favor of the Catholic church.

  • one period Beginning of disorder anti-British in Ireland (fine in 1885).
  • Hungary: The party of the private citizens of right to vote is replaced by the Hungarian unified working Party ( Magyarorszagi Altalanos Munkaspart ) of Marxist inspiration. Léo Fränkel is condemned to 18 months of prisons and sets out again in exile.
  • Foundation of the Swiss European Public Service Union.
  • Foundation of the Company of geography of Oporto.
  • Fondation in Portugal of the Hastened Nacional de Navigação , which obtains the quasi-monopoly of the carriage of goods (86% of tonnage in 1914) with its subsidiary company the Empresa Insulana (8% in 1914).
  • Creation of a deprived phone network with Zurich.

France

See also: 1880 in France

Russia

Dates of the Calendar Julien

  • February 5th: New assassination attempt against the tsar. Destruction with the explosive of the dining room imperial with the palate of Winter by populist the Khaltourine.

  • February 12th: Supreme executive commission chaired by the general Loris Melikov, and equipped with full powerss.
  • February 15th: Alexandre II of Russia decides to fight terrorism politically. By making openings to the opposition in particular, it will partially succeed in weakening the compost on which radicalism develops.
  • August 6th: Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov becomes Minister of Interior Department.
    • Dictatorship of the heart: opening about the moderated liberal middles, fight against the revolutionary movements. The commission is removed the August 6th, its attributions are attached to the ministry for the interior.

Chronologies sets of themes

See also: 1880 in science, 1880 in the railroads, 1880 in sport

  • Education:
  • October 20th: Abraham Kuyper founds the free news Université of Amsterdam.
  • the the United Kingdom makes the education primary obligatory. Illiteracy practically disappears at the end of the century, but only 68 to 75% of the children in school age respect the obligation in 1885.

Art & culture

See also: 1880 in music, 1880 in literature, 1880 with the theater

  • Architecture:
  • Painting:
    • the Swiss painter Arnold Böcklin painted the Island of dead the (academism Symbolist).
    • Dancer with the bar , fabric of Degas.
  • Sculpture:
    • the French sculptor Rodin produced the Thinker .
    • Dancer 14 year old , bronzes Degas.

Births in 1880

  • May 6th: Ernst Kirchner, German painter

  • 1 {{er}} November: Alfred Wegener, astronomer and German meteorologist

Death in 1880

Be-X-old: 1880 Map-bms: 1880 Simple: 1880 Zh-yue: 1880 年

Random links:The Pantheon of Rome | The Community of communes of the surface cantilienne | Test of validation | Pierre Bastien | LeRoy Mason