1875

This page relates to the year 1875 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • February 15th: Savorgnan de Brazza obtains an order of mission to explore the basins of the Ogooué and Alima, with the Congo (1875 - 1879).
  • July 19th: Trade agreement anglo-Tunisian. Very favorable to the Great Britain, the agreement envisages the concession of the Railroad Tunis - Goulette.
  • July 24th: The marshal of Mac Mahon referee in favor of the Portuguese in the territorial quarrel of the Bay of Delagoa, with the Mozambique.
  • September 7th, countryside of Ethiopia: The Egyptian troops of the governor of Massaoua Werner Munzinger are pushed back by the Ethiopian ones in the Aoussa in Agurdat. Werner Munzinger is killed the November 16th.
  • September: Danish ex-colonel Ahrendrup accompanied by 4   000 soldiers Egyptian launches an offensive to the north of Adoua: the operation is a carnage for the Egyptian army.
  • October, countryside of Ethiopia: Raouf Pasha occupies the Harrar. Of four simultaneous military forwardings against the Ethiopian plate impetus by the Egypt, only that of Raouf Pasha, started from Zeilah is success. It occupies the Harrar where the Egyptians force the Galla to convert with the Islam.
  • November 3rd: Savorgnan de Brazza by Libreville and goes up the Ogooué.
  • November 16th, countryside of Ethiopia: The troops of Arakel Bey are overcome by the négus Yohannès IV with Gundet, on Mareb. The Egyptians must withdraw themselves and give up their material on the ground, that is to say six pieces of artillery, close to 2  000 rifles and 20  000 thalers.

  • Vague of disorders anti-semites in Algeria. Started from Algiers, the anti-Jewish actions, which are the fact of French colonists, extend to Tlemcen, then with Constantine, to gain Sétif and Batna.
  • Movement of immigration towards the cities in Libya. The foreign communities grow bigger. Tripoli, which counts many Malteses, accommodates refugees of regencies of North Africa.
  • Samori Touré, driven back by the helped French of Tiéba, king of Sikasso, is inserted towards high the Ivory Coast where it destroys Kong, then advances towards the black Volta.
  • Re-establishment of the order in the Asante (kingdom Ashanti).

  • the Egypt occupies temporarily Barawa and Kisimayou, possession of the sultan of Zanzibar.

  • the sultan of Zanzibar Seyyid Barghash returns visit to the queen Victoria to London.
  • the Zoulous adopt the firearms and are made deliver 15  000 rifles, including 300 with fast shooting.
  • Tippou Tib, mongrel of an Arab and a Swahili of the Eastern coast, is established with Kasongo, on the Fleuve Congo. It allots the title of sultan, gathers powerful Arabic of the area and organizes the trade of the ivory on a territory which it does not cease extending all while maintaining excellent relations with his neighbors the Nyamwesi and the Chokwe. It seems the federator of the Arab establishments, which exert a great political influence on the local leaders.
  • Beginning of the reign of Njoya, king of Bamum (western of the Cameroun) (fine in 1933) under the regency of his/her mother Nzapdunke (fine in 1883).
  • the Portuguese labor regulation replaces the Esclavage by the recruitment of workers for the plantations of Sao Tome.

America

See also: 1875 in Canada

  • January 14th, the United States: Specie Payment Resumption Act , law envisaging the resumption of the payments in cash and the repurchase of the “ Greenback S ” emitted during the war starting from 1879. The inflationary farmers, fearing the effects of this measurement on the money supply and the weight of their debts, the anxious workmen of the effects of measurement on their wages, gather in the National Greenback Labor Party .

  • March 1st: The Congrès adopts the Civil Right Act which guarantees the rights equal to all in public transport, the theaters, the inns, the jurys, etc
  • August 6th: Assassination of Gabriel García Moreno, dictator theocrat of the Ecuador whereas it went to the cathedral, and beginning of a wave of ultra-liberalism. The disappearance of the “theocratic president” leaves the capacity to the oligarchy of the Sierra to which the growers and the liberal traders of the coast and Guayaquil are opposed.
  • September: The emperor of the Brésil Pedro II makes release the imprisoned bishops, which puts an end to the open crisis in 1864 when certain bishops wanted to apply a pontifical encyclical against the Franc-maçonnerie. Since, monarchy with lost the support of the Church, but also that of the liberals, gained with the republican ideas, and army.
  • October 15th: Foundation of the Argentinian town of Totoras in .
  • October: Scandal of the “ Whiskey Boxing ring ” with the the United States.
  • November 9th: Beginning of the second war of the Sioux, inescapable since the gold discovery in the Black Hills (1874), that the Sioux refuse to leave whereas the colonists flow per thousands in the hope to make fortune.

  • War the Ten Year old to Cuba: The Spain grants autonomy to insurgent the Cuba ins. It grants the Creoles a representation with the the Cortes. Some of them, like Antonio Maceo and Máximo Gómez, decide to continue the fight for total independence.
  • Two million inhabitants to the Chile, gathered mainly in the central valley.

Oceania

  • January 30th: Signature of a treaty of reciprocity enters the the United States and Hawaii. The US government agrees to import sugar of Hawaii without requiring taxes in exchange of the use of the port of Pearl Harbor.
  • November 1st, New Zealand: Abolition of the councils of province, instituted in 1852. From now on, the whole of the territory will be managed by a single administration.

Asia

  • January 12th: Beginning of the reign of Guangxu, emperor of China under the regency of the empress Cixi and the prince Gong, who seized the power following a coup d'etat within the palate (fine of reign in 1908).
  • April, India: Creation by Syed Ahmad Khan of the anglo-Eastern college Aligarh Muhammedan . It will become the Moslem university of Aligarh in 1920.
  • April 10th: With Bombay, the Brahman gujrati Swami Dayananda Saraswati (1824 - 1883) founds the center Arya Samaj , Hindu a reformist group which seeks to find the vedic simplicity of the ritual and to oppose the religions of the Book. He preaches a reform of the Hindouisme: abandonment of the worship of the images, easing of the system of the castes, etc the reforming diffusion of the ideas of the group is ensured by preachers who cause the hostility of the Sikhs and of the Moslems.
  • April 14th, Japan: Creation of an assembly of advisers, the Genro-in , which constitutes the first outline of delegation of the legislative power.
  • May 7th: Treaty of Saint-Pétersbourg. Agreement Japan - Russia on the Russian island Sakhaline and the Kouriles. Japan gives up asserting the south of Sakhaline in exchange of the totality of the islands Kouriles.
  • September 20th: Incident of Kanghwa. After the bombardment of a Japanese warship by Korean coastal batteries, the Japanese make unload 800 to shoot marine in Korea. A new squadron accosts with Kanghwa to negotiate a treaty.
  • November 2nd, Malaysia: assassination of the British resident with Perak James W.W. Birch. Failure and severe repression of an insurrection against the British presence in the sultanate of Perak (fine in 1876).

The Middle East & Arab World

  • November 27th: The the United Kingdom buys shares of the Company of the Suez Canal to the Khedive of Egypt Ismaïl to guarantee its road towards the Indies (45% of the shares).
    • the British claim the refunding of their debts with Raouf Pasha which must give up its actions on the Suez Canal: the British have from now on the greatest part of it (nearly the two-thirds).
  • Ottoman Empire: Bankruptcy of the State whose finances pass under international control. The collegial management of the debt, entrusted to the representatives of each creditor, avoids the seizure of a guardian power on Othoman finances.

Europe

  • Swiss January 12th, : The Federal court opens its doors with Lausanne.
  • January 14th: Alphonse XII of Spain enters to Madrid and restores monarchy in Spain. The conservative Antonio Cánovas del Castillo control surface until in 1885. It puts an end to political instability. It reinstates civils servant acquired in the old mode, restores the use of the titles and follows a policy favorable to the clergy.
  • January 20th: “Walloon Amendment” in France.
  • January 30th - July 16th: constitutional Laws establishing the III {{E}} Republic in France.
  • March 14th: Creation of the Reichsbank, which replaces the 33 banks of issue of currency in Germany.
  • April 5th: Official visit of the emperor François-Joseph Ier of Austria to Venice.
  • April - May, Germany: Bismarck denounces the tendencies revanchists of the France. Press campaign, remark held by Radowitz, familiar of chancellor, which implies that a preventive war is possible, worry the French government, which obtains the support of the Great Britain and the Russia. Supported by Great Britain, Alexandre II of Russia is opposed to the efforts of Bismarck to make play the agreement of the “three emperors”.
  • May 8th: In Greece, the assembly imposes to the king a parliamentary mode. Charilaos Trikoupis is appointed Prime Minister.
  • May 20th: Signature of the Convention of the Meter by 17 States with Paris. This international treaty decides construction of a new prototype of the Mètre. The famous standard meter in iridic Platine is deposited with the International office of the weights and measures (BIPM) in the enclosure of House of Breteuil with Sevres (Hauts-de-Seine), in a field subjected to the law of exterritoriality.
  • May 27th: Congress of Gotha in Germany. Creation by August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht of the socialist Union of the workers, fusion of the federal Association of the German workers of Ferdinand Lassalle and of the social democrat working party (Marxist), which will become later SPD.
  • May 31st: The Reichstag of Prussia decides to expel the congregations. The goods of the ecclesiastics are confiscated, and the count-bishop of Breslau, Heinrich Förster, is dislocated of his functions. These measurements against the Catholic church make following the encyclical of the pope Pie IX Quod numquam ( February) which condemned the Kulturkampf started in 1872.
  • June 11th: The conservatives seize the power with the Denmark. The conservative right, majority in the two Rooms, is dominated by the personality of the rich person owner Estrup who becomes Prime Minister (fine in 1894).
  • Swiss July 28th, : 2000 workers put themselves in strike in the tunnel of the Gothard to claim a pay rise.
  • July 31st: Laws on the public health with the the United Kingdom ( Public Health Acts ) of 1872 and 1875. Creation of local institutions of public health devoting their efforts to the improvement of the roadway system and the urban drainage system.
  • July - August: Rising of the Herzégovine and the Bosnia against the Othomans. Prudence of the Austria and the Russia.
  • October: Official visit of the emperor Guillaume Ier of Germany in Italy. It meets the king Victor-Emmanuel II with Milan the 18.
  • October 4th: Elections in Greece.
  • October 20th: Lonyay, accused of corruption must resign and yield the capacity in Hungary to the liberal Coloman the Tisza (Kálmán the Tisza), author of the fusion of the liberal parties and independence (end in 1890). The liberal party gains all the elections during thirty years.
  • November 10th: Foundation of the Company of geography of Lisbon. It attempts to justify the “historical rights” of the Portugal in Africa.
  • November 27th: The civil wedding is declared obligatory in Suisse.

  • the United Kingdom: The conservative government of Disraeli gives to the trade unions a legal protection widened while making bring back the Criminal Law Admendment (adopted in June 1871) and the Conspiracy and Protection off Property Act .
  • the working week is limited to 54 H for the teenagers and the women with the the United Kingdom.
  • Foundation and opening by Arthur Lasenby Liberty of the store Liberty & Co with the 218a Regent Street with London, thanks to a loan of 2  000 pounds sterling which his/her future father-in-law had granted to him.
  • the consumption of alcohol culminates with 160 liters per annum and by anybody with the the United Kingdom.
  • First Austrian catholic congress. The baron de Vogelsang founds the catholic circle.
  • Closings of several Slovak colleges (1875 - 1876).
  • Foundation of the Portuguese socialist party.
  • Foundation with Odessa by Zaslaski of the transitory Union of the workmen of the southernmost Russia.
  • Fastening forced with the orthodoxy of the last Uniates of Poland.
  • the oil wells of Bakou produce 82  000 tons (1  902  400 in 1885).

France

See also: 1875 in France

Chronologies sets of themes

See also: 1875 in science, 1875 in the railroads, 1875 in sport

Arts & culture

See also: 1875 in music, 1875 in literature, 1875 with the theater

  • Planers of parquet floor , fabric of Caillebotte.
  • the Seine with the bridge of Iéna , fabric of Gauguin.

Births in 1875

Death in 1875

Beats-smg: 1875 Be-X-old: 1875 Map-bms: 1875 Simple: 1875 Zh-yue: 1875 年

Random links:List billionaires of the world | Mbombela Stadium | Farende | XYZ (re-examined) | List duck races