This page relates to the year 1871 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • October 27th: The Britanniques annex the Grikaland (district of Kimberley). This area is rich in diamond mines, located at the north of the Colonie of the Cape. A great number of adventurers, called Uitlanders (foreign) by the Boers of the Orange and the Transvaal, run in the area and sow the disorder there.
  • November 2nd, Treated of Sumatra: The Dutch establishment of the Ghana ( Goudkust ) are transferred to the the United Kingdom which founds the Côte of Gold (colony in 1874).
  • November 3rd: The Colonie of the Cape deals with the government of the Basutoland (current Lesotho).
  • November 13rd: The journalist and exploring British Sir Henry Morton Stanley, dispatched by the New York Herald , finds the British explorer David Livingstone with Ujiji on bank Is Lac Tanganyika. At the time of the famous remained meeting, he would have simply pronounced his famous sentence: “ Dr. Livingstone, I supposes ”, untranslatable, apart from the context of the time and British education. The two men carry out together the circumnavigation of the lake Tanganyika and establish that it does not communicate with the basin of the the Nile, contrary to the ideas of John Hanning Speke.

  • armed with Ali, king of the Ouaddaï (central Sudan), demolishes that of the mbang Baguirmi and imposes to him an annual tribute. The kingdom of Ali becomes most prosperous of the area.
  • a chief Nyamwezi, Mirambo (v. 1840 - 1884), after having constituted an army of mercenaries Ruga ruga, seizes Tabora (Tanzania), station stopover of the Arab tradesmen between the coast and the Big lakes and constitutes a kingdom which will not survive its death. The Arabs of the coast make vainly him the war (1871 - 1875).
  • Its contemporary Nyungu ya Mawe (v. 1840-1884), resulting him also from the people Nyamwezi, establishes in the east and the south-east of Tabora a firmly framed kingdom. It cuts out its possessions in seven provinces directed by watwale charged mainly to collect the ivory.
    • the Nyamwezi (people of the moon) are farmers and stockbreeders alive Bantou on the plates of the Tanganyika. Some of them are devoted exclusively to hunting for the elephant.

the Maghreb

  • January: Revolt Spahis of the area of Constantine at the end of the month.
  • March 16th: Beginning of the most important insurrection, since the Conquest of Algeria, the sheik Mohamed El Mokrani and of the sheik Haddad, chief of the brotherhood of the Rahmaniya, in Kabylie, also called " Revolt of Mokrani ".
  • March 29th: The admiral of Gueydon becomes civil general governor of Algeria (end in 1873). He works with the return to a state of calm. He is charged with the installation with Alsatian-Lorraine, pursuant to the laws of the June 21st and the September 15th and the decree of the October 16th 1871 allotting grounds to them.
  • May 5th: the bachaga El Mokrani is killed close to the Soufflat wadi.
  • July 13rd: The sheik Haddad and his sons go after the Bataille of Icheriden. The insurrection does not end that after the capture of Bou-Mezrag, the January 20th 1872.

  • the regency of Tunis is reduced to the statute of pachalik on decision of the Othoman sultan , which wishes to take again with the bey the responsibility for the foreign affairs of the Tunisia and to force it to provide a military aid in the event of war. The France, in spite of the decline of its influence in Tunis with the profit of the other great powers (the United Kingdom and Italy), obtains from the sultan that it gives up these measurements.

  • Frequent incursions of Kroumirs starting from the Tunisia, aiming at the French colonists in Algeria, encouraged by the Italians and the Turks (2  379 of 1871 with 1881).

  • France gives up its right of following the borders of the border algéro-Morrocan woman. The French influence marks a retreat in North Africa the shortly after its defeat vis-a-vis the Germany. Algiers does not ensure any more its role of police force of the borders which from now on are placed under the responsibility of the Makhzen.

  • Common of Algiers: the French fight between republicans and Bonapartists.

Americas

See also: 1871 in Canada

the United States

  • March 3rd: The Congress vote Indian Appropriation Act , which puts a term at the policy of the Treaties with the Indians, who depend from now on Federal states.

  • April 20th: Legal prohibition of the " premier" Ku Klux Klan, following the increasing violence of the KKK and the assassination of the senator John Stephens in full court.
  • May 8th: Treaty of Washington with the the United Kingdom. He admits the principle of compensation for the damage inflicted in the United States by the direct aid brought by the British fleet at the time of the American Civil War.
  • 8 - October 10th: A third of the town of Chicago is destroyed by a fire. The city, centers continental rail traffic (slaughter-houses), is rebuilt skyscraper.

  • Cochise goes vis-a-vis the American offensive. He refuses to lead his tribe in a reserve of the New Mexico and escapes in September.

Latin America

  • March 7th, Brazil: Cabinet Rio Branco (fine the June 26th 1875)
  • June 29th: The marshal Vincente Cerna is reversed by a liberal revolution with the Guatemala. Its successor, Justo Rufino Barrios, a liberal caudillo, undertakes a policy anticlerical. Under its mandate the Indian communities will be stripped their grounds with the profit of the white great landowners (June 4th 1873 - April 2nd 1885).
  • September 18th: Federico Errázuziz Zarnatu is elected president of the Chile after the civil war where the preceding government faced coalition of liberals and ultra-conservatives. Once the widened electorate, a liberal president could be elected (fine in 1876).
  • September 28th: Law Rio Branco or of the “belly empties” in Brazil: all the children of slaves born after the law are free at the eight years age against payment of an allowance to the owner and the age of 21 without allowances. The Brésil is the only Latin-American State to authorize slavery.
  • November 8th, Mexico: Revolución of the Noria . Revolt Porfirio Díaz after its failure with the elections against Benito Juárez.

Oceania

  • German Immigration towards the southernmost Australia (of 2  000 with 5  000 people per decade after 1871).

Asia

  • June 1st: A strong American squadron of more than one thousand of men in vain seeks to obtain by the force the opening of official relations, by intimidating the Korean authorities. Kanghwa is taken the June 10th.
  • June 3rd: Completion of a telegraph network through the Peaceful which connects Vladivostok, Nagasaki, Shanghai, Hongkong with London and San Francisco.
  • July 4th: The Russians occupy the valley of the Ili to the Turkestan Chinese (end in 1881). They impose on the various ethnos groups a very violent colonial domination. The population organizes resistance before even as Beijing does not react.
  • November 2nd: Treaty of Sumatra between the the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
    • the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 increases the interest of the Détroit of Malacca (before, the ships taking the road of the Cape borrowed rather the strait of the Sonde). The British , present at Singapore, let the Dutchmen intervene in the sultanate of Atjeh provided that they guarantee safety along the strait of Malacca.

  • Siam: Rama V undertakes reforms: abolition of the feudal system, prohibition of slavery, modernization of the army, etc

  • India: Shridharatu Naidu transforms the group socio-policy Veda Samaj of Madras into Brahmo Samaj. Under its authority, of the last will become a Hindu nationalist group particularly influential.

  • Criminal Tribes Act in India: judgment of the Satî (suicide of the widows), elimination of the Thug S and other “highwaymen”.

  • Korea: The government issues the suppression of the Sowon , the schools and the temples crowned Confucianists, too implied in political activities. The goods of these colleges are transferred to the State. The regent alienates part of the intellectual elite and contributes to reinforce the religious movement Tonghak.

Japan

  • August 19th: Japan removes feudality definitively and founds administrative districts. The nobility is compensated by pensions. Abolition of the feudal fields (han). Creation of prefectures and a centralized administration. Official abolition of the old orders and social statuses.
  • September 2nd: Institution of obligatory teaching.
  • October 8th: equality in front of the tax on land.
  • December 23rd: Departure for the the United States and the Europe of the Mission Iwakura, an official mission carried out by the aristocrat Tomomi Iwakura, principal craftsman of the Restoration , accompanied by several members of the government and experts. Mori Arinori (1847 - 1889) is named plenipotentiary Prime Minister of Japan at the United States with Washington.

  • the Japanese state supports the studies abroad and has recourse to European instructors and technicians.
  • Beginning of the colonization of Hokkaido, by fear of the Russian advance in the Far East.
  • Creation of the Institute of technology ( Kôbu gakkô ).

the Middle East

  • Fire of the district of Pera, in the north of Istanbul. It is rebuilt according to new alignments with modern equipment.
  • the shah of Perse yields to the Russian pressures. It cancels an important concession allotted to the baron Julius de Reuter in order to express its good will with regard to the the United Kingdom. This one included/understood the construction of a railroad, the exploitation of mines and the establishment of a bank.

Europe

  • February 7th: Preserving cabinet Hohenwart - Schaeffle in Austria (end in October).
  • March 1st: Conference of London. End of the neutralization of the Black Sea.
  • June 29th, the United Kingdom: Law recognizing the legal existence of the working trade unions ( Trade Union Act ). This recognition of the trade-union fact is limited by the Criminal Law Amendment Act which allows continuations for fact of strike.
  • July 2nd: Creation of the Anglo-Jewish Association (AJA) which will be the allied critical one of the Alliance universal Jew.
  • July 30th: Russia: Laws of the July 30th 1871 and May 15th 1872 of the Minister for the state education Tolstoï.
  • September: With London, triumph of the theses of Karl Marx with the congress of foundation of the International association of the workers (First International).
  • October: Creation of the Federation of the workers of the Netherlands (ANWV).
  • October 20th: François-Joseph Ier of Austria refuses to ratify a austro-Bohemia compromise, leaving the Czech question suspends some. Under the pressure of German-speaking, it revokes the Hohenwart ministry, which had been pressed on the Czechs to which it had promised a statute similar to the Hungarians.
  • November 28th: Liberal cabinet Adolphe Auersperg in Austria (fine in 1879).
  • November 13rd: Gyula Andrássy is named Minister for the businesses foreign in Austria (end in 1879).
  • November 14th: Preserving cabinet Lónyay in Hungary

  • the United Kingdom: Disease of the queen Victoria and the Prince de Galles, which causes a reversal of the opinion in favor of monarchy.
  • Law on the local government with the the United Kingdom, which gives to the municipalities of broad capacities out of medical matter.
  • Rieger, then Masaryk directs the opposition young person-Czech.

  • Hungary counts 540  000 Jewish.

Germany

  • January 18th: Proclamation of the German Empire and its Kaiser (emperor) Guillaume Ier of Germany, which receives the crown of the king Louis II of Bavaria in the gallery of the Ices of the castle of Versailles.
  • February 26th: Signature in Versailles of an armistice enters Prussia and France.
  • March 11th: Within the framework of the Kulturkampf: Promulgation of the school laws in the German Empire.
  • April:
    • the liberal nationals obtain the majority with the Reichstag (125 deputies) in front of the catholic party Zentrum (61) and the conservatives (57).
    • the German states of the south, pressed by the economic difficulties, enter new Reich.
  • April 16th: A constitution is promulgated which begins again, with some installations the constitution of 1867. The empire includes/understands 25 states of unequal importance: four kingdoms (Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Wurtemberg) which gathers 5/6 of the population, six Grand Duchies, five duchies, seven principalities, three cities free (Hamburg, Bremen, Lübeck) and Reichsland of Alsace-Lorraine. Each State keeps its own constitution.
  • May 10th: By the Treated of Frankfurt which puts an end to the Franco-German Guerre of 1870, Germany acquires the Alsace and part of the Lorraine.

  • Prussia, with 348  000 km ², occupy the 5/8 of the surface of Reich and its population of 24 million inhabitants accounts for the 3/5 of the population of the Empire.
  • Introduction by Bismarck of a new monetary unit, the mark (1,25 F) in the place of the seven German currencies.
  • economic Boom started by the victory in Germany. Surge of capital (including 7 billion poured by the France). Creation of large banks of business (Deutsche bank, Dresdner Bank, etc), of joint stock companies (railroad, banks, mines, metallurgy, etc)

France

See also: 1871 in France

See also: Common of Paris (1871)

Italy

  • 14 - January 23rd: Forwarding of Garibaldi to Dijon.
  • May 13rd: The inviolability of the person of the pope and his pleasure of the the Vatican are recognized officially by the Loi of the Guarantees.
    • the pope obtains the sovereign honors and the pleasure with rights of exterritoriality, the Vatican, the basilica of the Lateran and the villa of Castel Gandolfo as well as an equipment of 3,225 million liras per annum.
  • May 15th: By the Encyclical Ubi our , Pie IX refuses the law of the Guarantees and is regarded as “prisoner in the Vatican”. It launches major excommunication against the despoilers of the Holy See and refuses any contact with the Italian state which it does not recognize.
  • June 30th: Rome is proclaimed capital Italy.
  • July 2nd: Victor-Emmanuel II enters Rome triumphantly.
  • September 17th: inauguration of the rail link of the mount-Cenis.

  • 6  710 km of railroad.

Chronologies sets of themes

See also: 1871 in science, 1871 in the railroads, 1871 in sport

Arts & culture

See also: 1871 in music, 1871 in literature, 1871 with the theater

  • Art schools

    • Billhook president of the commission of the Art schools. He saves the collections of the Louvre fire of the Tuileries.
    • the Belfry of Douai , fabric of Corot.

Religion and Philosophy

; Buddhist Buddhism
  • Fifth Council with Mandalay (current Myanmar).
; Catholicism
  • May 13rd: After the fall of the Papal States and the loss of Rome, the inviolability of the person of the pope and his pleasure of the the Vatican are recognized officially by the Loi of the Guarantees: The pope obtains the sovereign honors and the pleasure with rights of exterritoriality, the Vatican, the basilica of the Lateran and the villa of Castel Gandolfo as well as an equipment of 3  225  000 liras per annum.
  • May 15th: Pie IX refuses the law of the Guarantees and is regarded as “prisoner in the Vatican”. It launches major excommunication against the despoilers of the Holy See and refuses any contact with the Italian State which it does not recognize.
  • the German theologist Ignaz von Döllinger is excommunicated to have questioned the infallibility of the pope.

Births in 1871

Death in 1871

Beats-smg: 1871 Be-X-old: 1871 Map-bms: 1871 Simple: 1871 Zh-yue: 1871 年

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