This page relates to the year 1854 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

  • January 27th: Inauguration of the broad outline of railroad of North in Canada ( Great Western Railway ).
  • : Set fire to parliamentary buildings with Quebec.
  • March 24th: Abolition of slavery to the Venezuela.
  • March 31st: Treaty of Kanagawa. Opening of the ports of the Japan to the the United States.
  • May 30th: the law on Kansas and Nebraska (the people will decide fate of slavery) cancels the Compromis of Missouri, which fixed the northern limit of slavery at 36°30'.
  • June 6th: Treated reciprocity between the United States and Canada, which expires in 1866 because of the United States.
  • July 6th: Creation of the Republican party (free trade) to the the United States. It gathers old the whig S, Free Soilers and democratic abolitionists who are opposed to the law on Kansas and Nebraska.
  • July 13rd: American intervention with the Nicaragua (San Juan of Norte): the village of Greytown is destroyed to avenge an offense made with minister-resident American in station in Nicaragua the March 15th.
  • September 11th: Ministry McNab - Morin of alliance between preserving and liberals moderated with the Canada.
  • tenure seigneuriale is removed with the Canada.
  • October 1st: Founded clock making manufacture in 1850 with Roxbury, Farmhouse., by Aaron Lufkin Dennison is established definitively with Waltham in the Massachusetts and becomes the Waltham Watch Company.
  • October 8th: Opening to Ostend (Belgium) of a diplomatic conference enters the Spain and the the United States about the purchase by the latter of the island of Cuba. It continues until the 11 in Ostend, then until the 18 with Aachen (Germany).
  • October 18th: Signature with Aachen (Germany) of the proclamation of Ostend proposing with the government the United States to quickly make proposals with the Spain for the purchase of Cuba.
  • December 3rd: Abolition of slavery to the Peru.
  • December 24th: Arrival of the first Indian hard-working immigrants to the Wet dock of Point-with-Clown, come replaced freed African slaves. A monument in their memory was set up in December 2004 at this place, in memoriam .

    • the reduction of the British squadron against the draft during the Crimean War involves the increase in the imports of slaves with Cuba (of 14  000 in 1853 with 30  500 in 1859).

Oceania & the Pacific

Africa

  • February 23rd: With resulting from the convention of Bloemfontein, Great Britain recognizes the independence of the free State of Orange.

  • March 11th: Introduction with the Cape of a constitutional mode with a Parliament. The governor keeps a right to veto and of dissolution.
  • September: Departure of the forwarding of Burton towards Harar in Ethiopia.
  • November 30th: First act of concession granted by Saïd Pasha, wire of Méhémet Ali, with Ferdinand de Lesseps for the digging and the exploitation during 99 years of a channel through the Isthmus of Suez.
  • December 16th: Faidherbe is named with the government of the Senegal, of which it begins the conquest (1854 - 1861 and 1863 - 1865). Faidherbe unifies Senegal (1854-1865) which becomes a French colony. At the price of ceaseless military campaigns, it transforms the commercial counters of Saint-Louis and Gorée into only one unified and narrowly supervised colony. It creates the body of the Senegalese riflemen (1857) and completes to subject the local leaders.
  • December 29th, Algeria: Catch of Touggourt.
    • Jacques Louis Randon is meant with If Hamza, chief of the Ouled Sidi-Sheik against the Mohammed sherif, who is beaten with Ngouça. If Hamza and the French troops seize Ouargla, then of Touggourt the December 29th. The command of the area of Ouargla is abandoned with If Hamza.
  • December: Under the pressure of Europeans, the khedive of Egypt removes the trade of the Noirs slaves to the Sudan. In 1855, it installs a garrison with Fachoda to fight against the draft, but will have to withdraw it two years later in front of its failure.

    • El Hadj Oumar Tall conquers the Royaume will bambara of Kaarta. It seizes Nioro, capital of the Bambara Massassi.
    • Jules Lartigue, agent of Governed Marseilles, installs a foreign post with Lagos then with Palma.

Asia & Indian world

  • September 2nd: In Indonesia, a governmental payment, without modifying the system of the cultures, account of the constitutional modifications takes which envisaged the control of the Parliament on the Colonies Dutchwomen and recalls that one of the duties most imperative of the general governor is “the protection of the indigenous population against the arbitrary acts of which that is”. The payment specifies that “the general governor with care to found schools for the indigenous population”. In fact, only 60  000 Indonésiens will be provided education for at the end of the century.

The Middle East & Arab world

  • July 13rd: The pasha of Egypt Abbas Hilmi Ier is assassinated. Mohammad Sa' id Pasha, his uncle, wire of Méhémet Ali, takes his succession (end in 1863). Less reticent with regard to Europeans than his predecessor, it is not proof of the same political competence as his father. The beginning of its reign is marked by the participation of the Égyptienne army in the Crimean War near the allies of the Ottoman Empire.

  • Lebanon: died of the caïmacan Maronite Haydar Bellama. His/her Bachir son succeeds to him. After ten years of service at the sides of the Othoman authorities, Bellama had cut a reputation of corrupted and apostate (it converts with Islam and becomes again Christian with the liking of the circumstances). In front of the popular opposition, his/her son exiles himself in Istanbul. A new patriarch Maronite, Paul Masad, is elected the November 12th.

Europe

  • January 1st: The Hanover and the Bade join the Zollverein.
  • January 26th: Saint Bosco founds the order of the Salésiens to Turin.
  • March 27th: Assassination of the duke of Parma Ferdinand-Charles III following his violent anti-liberal repression.
  • April 3rd, Russia: Movements solid mass of serfs of the central provinces towards Moscow after the ukase of the April 3rd asking volunteers for the fleet of the Baltic. Repression by the troop.
  • April 20th: François Joseph Ier of Austria chooses neutrality in the crisis of the East and concluded a treaty from alliance with the Prussia which puts the Germanic Confédération apart from the conflict.
  • June 28th: Pronunciamiento of Vicálvaro in Spain, which carries to the capacity the progressists (fine in 1856). Agitation in Catalonia.
  • July: The emperor of Austria summons the tsar to evacuate the Moldavie and the Valachie. The Russian troops obtempèrent to avoid a second face in the Balkans. Alliance austro-Russian is broken.
  • August 8th: Adoption of the Four points of Vienna : The Russia must give up its influence in the Rumanian principalities; to give up its project of religious protectorate; to accept the freedom of navigation on the the Danube; as well as the modification of the Convention of the Straits of 1841 (more warships).
  • October 12th: The king of Prussia takes measures in favor of the nobility. He transforms the Upper House of the landtag into of Room of the nobility: the seats from now on are allotted to life and are transmitted hereditarily.
  • October 31st: Signature of the Convention of the 20 October 31st, 1854 between the Swiss Confederation and the Grand Duchy of Bade concerning the delimitation of the borders.
  • December 2nd: Austrian Ultimatum with the Russia - Formation of an alliance of the Austria with the the United Kingdom and the France.
  • December 8th: The pope Pie IX proclaims the “ Dogme of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary ” for the Catholic church by the bubble Ineffabilis Deus .

    • Demolished liberals at the partial legislations in Belgium. They lose the majority but the king convinces the Prime Minister Henri de Brouckère to preserve the capacity.
    • the United Kingdom: Report/ratio of Northcote and Trevelyan on the public office which recommends the selection by contest written rather than by co-optation and provides the foundations of the organization of the important administration.

France

See also: 1854 in France

Crimean War

  • January 1st: Risings take place in the Othoman provinces of the north of the Greece.
  • January 3rd: A Franco-British fleet penetrates in Black Sea to come to assistance of the Turks against Russia.
  • February 23rd: The general Canrobert receives the command of the 1st division of the army of the East.
  • February 25th: The general Elie Frederic Forey receives the command of the 4th division of the army of the East.
    • Formation of the army of the East; the general Bosquet receives the command of a division.
  • February 27th: The tsar refuses the Franco-British ultimatum requiring the evacuation of the Danubian principalities.
  • March 27th, the France and the the United Kingdom declare the war with the Russia, in war against the Ottoman Empire, pursuant to the Traité of Istanbul.
  • In March, formation of the army of the East; the Bosquet general receives the command of a division.
  • April 15th: The colonel Edmond the Ox (future Marshal of France) is named chief of staff of the Artillerie of the army of the East.
  • April 20th: Signature of a defensive alliance between the Austria and the Prussia if the Russia would enter the Balkans.
  • April 22nd: A Franco-British fleet bombards the Russian city of Odessa.
  • May 26th: The Franco-British troops unload with the Pirée to prevent the Greece from being combined with the Russia.
  • June 14th: The Porte authorizes the Austria to occupy the Rumanian provinces. During the engagements, the Rumanian patriots conduct campaign for the union.
  • July 3rd: The count Achille Baraguey d' Hilliers is placed at the head of the task force of the Baltic.
  • August 8th: Conference of Vienna. Austria, the United Kingdom and France requires of Russia, which refuses, the collective guarantee of the Danubian principalities and Serbia, the international protection of the Othoman Christians, free navigation on the the Danube and the revision of the convention of the Détroits.
  • August 12th: The task force of the Baltique puts the seat in front of the fortress of Bomarsund.
  • September 14th: Unloading of the troop Frenchwomen, British and Turkish with Eupatoria in the Crimea.
  • 19 with the September 20th, Battle of Alma: The marshal of Saint-Arnauld and the British Lord Raglan beat the Russian admiral Menchikov. The generals Thicket and Canrobert are wounded.
    • For the French, this battle erases partly the defeat of Waterloo.
  • September 26th: The marshal of Saint-Arnauld, patient of the cholera, embarks bound for France on the Berthollet . The Canrobert general succeeds to him the head of the French Army of the East. The September 29th, the marshal dies on the boat at sea Noire at the 54 years age.
  • October 9th: Beginning length seat of the town of Sébastopol which will last 11 months until the September 12th 1855. During the winter, the belligerents engage of the peace negotiations.
  • October 25th, Battle of Balaklava, marked by the load of the light brigade of Lord Cardigan - immortalized in a poem of Lord Tennyson and with the cinema.
  • November 5th: The Russian troops of the admiral Menchikov are demolished with the Bataille of Inkerman, by the French generals Bosquet and Canrobert.

Chronologies sets of themes

See also: 1854 in science, 1854 in the railroads, 1854 in sport

Art & culture

See also: 1854 in music, 1854 in literature, 1854 with the theater

Economy & Company

  • Russia: Depreciation of the Rouble, of which convertibility is abandoned until 1897.
  • Economic advancement with the Canada. The railway network passes from 200 miles in 1853 to more 1  800 miles in 1859. The wages, the prices of the ground and the agricultural food products increase quickly, over-excited by the general wellbeing and the facilities of exchanges caused by the policy of reciprocity with the United States.
  • More 400  000 emigrants with the the United States.
  • the price of the Slave S with doubled with the Brazil since 1852.
  • the first cotton-spinning of the the Indies opens with Bombay.
  • Creation of a postal system in India.
  • the Spain counts only 300 km of railways.
  • telegraphic Connection Paris - London.

Births in 1854

Death in 1854

Beats-smg: 1854 Be-X-old: 1854 Map-bms: 1854 Simple: 1854 Zh-yue: 1854 年

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