1840

This page relates to the year 1840 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • January: The king of the Zulus Dingane is beaten with the battle of Magono by Andries Pretorius combined with his half-brother Mpandé.

  • Beginning of the reign of Mpandé, king of the Zulu (fine in 1858).
  • South Africa: The Native form a badly definite union with the Transvaal and the Winburg.
  • the Peuls of Sokoto are pushed back kingdom of Oyo to the battle of Oshogbo.

  • December: The Imam of Mascate and Oman, Seyyd Saïd ibn Sultan (1804 - 1856) settles with Zanzibar and its capital transfers to it. It continues its expansion by asserting old common laws of its house, in order to exert its control on the large commercial cities of the Eastern coast, Kiloa and Mombasa which had remained autonomous. He exerts with the interior kingdom of Ousambara a kind of condominium.

The Maghreb

  • Taken again hostilities between Abd el-Kader and French in Algeria (1840 - 1847).
  • 2 - February 6th: Battle of Mazagran, French victory in Algérie against the troops of Abd El-Kader.
    • Dans the hardly covered small village of a wall, 120 men of the 12th battalion of light infantry had resisted during four days, from February 2nd to 6th 1840, with the ceaseless attacks of the Arabs, the number of 12  000 said one, and which had been withdrawn carrying their deaths and had wounded that one estimated at 5 or 600, just at the moment when the small garrison was going to miss ammunition. An day order of the army had celebrated this exploit and one had decided that it would be read each year on February 6th on the face of the troops. Subscriptions had been open a little everywhere for the erection of a memorial. Mazagran had been attacked already in December 1839. (Rémusat Memories T3 p 342)
  • March 12th: Catch of Cherchell by the French Army.
  • April 17th: The French troops occupy Médéa.
  • May 18th: Catch of Miliana in Algeria.
  • December 29th: The general Bugeaud is named general governor of the Algérie.

Americas

  • January 19th: Austin becomes the capital of the Texas. As compensation, Houston will accommodate the first chamber of commerce.
  • 19 - July 20th: The first Convention for the women's rights to Seneca Falls (State of New York).

  • July 22nd: The liberals request from the young emperor Brésil if it would agree to reach the throne before his majority fixed by the constitution at 18 years (1843). It accepts, and is presented the following day to the Parliament where it is acclaimed by crowd. Born in Brazil, dom Pedro II completes the “bresilianisation” of the government.

  • interpretative Loi which puts an end to the federal experiment with the Brésil. The conservatives restore the Council of State removed in 1834. They increase centralization.
  • Epidemic of Typhus to New York.
  • Foundation of the Washington Temperance Society .
  • white Population of the Low-Canada: 650  000.
  • white Population of the High-Canada: 450  000.

The Antarctic, Oceania & the Pacific

  • January 20th: The French explorer Jules Dumont d' Urville explores the Ad3elie coast.
  • February 6th: By the Treated of Waitangi, the maoris chiefs of New Zealand give any sovereignty to the the United Kingdom. New Zealand becomes a British colony, on a basis of equal rights with Maoris. The goal of this treaty is to protect Maoris from the not very scrupulous colonists but, because of differences in interpretation between the versions English and maorie, and of the inaptitude of the government to govern the ground sales correctly, of many tribes maories ( iwi ) are dispossessed of their ancestral grounds.

Asia

  • First war of opium in China.
    • May: The British Parlement adopts a resolution to protect “freedom from trade” and inaugurates the “diplomacy of the drain-hole”.
    • June: The Great Britain sends a task force (4000 soldiers) which occupies the south of the country.
    • July: Lin Zexu makes reinforce the fortifications of Humen and recruits new combatants among the sinners.
    • August: The British fleet threatens Tianjin and Shanghai.
    • September: The imperial government decides to negotiate with Great Britain, which accepts, and decides to return Lin Zexu.
    • October - November: The imperial envoy for the negotiations makes dismantle coastal defenses.

The Middle East & Arab world

  • February 5th: The murder of a monk Italian capuchin, the Tommaso father starts the Affaire of Damas implying shown Jews ritual murder at one time (1840-1841) where the Syria is occupied by the troops of the Egyptian Ibrahim Pasha (fine in August).
  • July 15th: Treaty of London for the pacification of the Raising. It confirms the concession of Egypt with Méhémet Ali on a purely hereditary basis; Méhémet Ali receives the pachalik Acre on a purely basis for life on the condition of accepting in the 10 days the notification of the agreement. No foreign warships in the Straits in times of peace.
  • November 4th: The Great Britain and the Russia intervene in the payment of the conflict which opposes to the Christian Lebanon and Druzes with the Egyptienne authority. The British fleet bombards and takes the ports of Acre and Beirut. Ibrahim Pasha does not react. The sultan pronounces the forfeiture of Méhémet-Ali.
  • November 25th: The commodore Napier with part of the English squadron of the Mediterranean (ordered by Stopford) arrives in front of Alexandria and threatens Méhémet Ali.
  • November 27th: Napier signs a convention with Méhémet Ali: he returns the Turkish fleet to Constantinople, he evacuates Syria and keeps the hereditary pachalik of Egypt.
    • Méhémet Ali must withdraw Syria after the European intervention. The British exile Chihab Bachir II, which succeeds Bachir III. The French are kept away of the negotiations.

Europe

  • the Rhenish liberal middle-class adopts the Prussian authorities while posing like condition the transformation of the kingdom into a constitutional State and member of Parliament who would take as a starting point the Rhenish Diet.
  • the Irish politician Daniel O' Connell makes countryside for the suppression of the Union.
  • Abrogation of the old Lithuanian statute and introduction of the Russian right into the Western provinces of the Russian Empire.

France

See also: 1840 in France

  • January 1st: Final introduction of the Metric system
  • March 1st: Second ministry Thiers , composed men of the left.
  • August 6th: Failure of a new attempt at Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte with Boulogne. He is imprisoned at the height Ham.
  • October 15th: Assassination attempt against Louis-Philippe Ier.
  • October 22nd: Resignation of Thiers, in dissension with the king because of his diplomacy warmonger.
  • October 29th: Third ministry Soult , dominated by François Guizot.
  • December 15th: ashes of Napoleon i are transferred to the Invalides .

Chronologies sets of themes

Art & culture

See also: 1840 in music, 1840 in literature, 1840 with the theater

  • Publication in France of the first list of the historic buildings which comprises 1034 ancient and medieval buildings ({{Ve}} at the 16th century), except notorious for alignments megalithic of Carnac. All the listed monuments are public edifices (which belong to the State, the department or the commune).
  • First exposure of photography to the world to Geneva: Jean-Baptiste Isenring presents his Daguerréotype S.
  • Presse of quality, imitated British press in Hungary ( gazette of Pest ). Multiplication of associations, clubs and companies of encouragement of citizens in Hungary (at least 250 in of 1840).
  • the literary Dacie , newspaper published by Kogalniceanu with Bucharest.

Sports

  • the practice of the Gymnastique is from now on obligatory in the French Army .
  • Foundation with London of the British Swimming Society, federation of concurrent swimming of the National Swimming Society.
  • Mr. Hounslow removes the national title British of Natation organized by the National Swimming Society by gaining a race over 400 yards in river.

Science and technology

See also: 1840 in science

Economy & Company

The United Kingdom

  • May 6th: The British stations emit the first postal Timbre adhesive with the effigy of the queen Victoria, the Penny Black.

  • annual exports are of 55 million £ between 1840 and 1849.
  • the raw wool consumption doubles between 1840 and 1860.
  • the British rail network counts 1  530 km.

Russia

  • Law authorizing the stamping from the serfs of company.
  • Rise of the work paid in textile industry, but maintains of important a servile labor in the metallurgy.
  • Measurements to increase the culture of potato. Country resistances: riots of potatoes, rising of the peasants of State of the Volga average in 1842.

Births in 1840

Death in 1840

Be-X-old: 1840 Map-bms: 1840 Simple: 1840 Zh-yue: 1840 年

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