1837

This page relates to the year 1837 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Americas

Latin America

June 6th: Assassination of the president Diego Portales with the Chile by soldiers mutineers.
September 6th: Revolt Sabinada with Bahia, the Brésil (fine on March 16th 1838).
September 19th: Pedro de Araújo Lima becomes liberal regent of the Brésil.

Scientific expedition led to the Brazil by Antoine d' Abbadie d' Arrast.
Beginning of the construction of the line of Railroad Vera Cruz - Mexico City.

Canada

the refusal by the United Kingdom of a parliamentary mode for Canada causes the Rébellions of 1837. William Lyon Mackenzie directs the Rébellion of High-Canada whereas Louis-Joseph Papineau directs the Rébellion of the Patriots of the Low-Canada.
March 1st: London proclaims the ten resolutions Russell and rejects the 92 resolutions of the patriotic Parti.
Popular Assemblies against the Russell resolutions with Saint-Bear (March 7th) with the St. Lawrence and Saint-Marc (May 15th), with Stanbridge (Missisquoi) (July 4th).
August 18th: The legislative Parliament of the Low-Canada refuses to vote the budget forcing the Government to pass in addition to.
September: Revolt French Canadians, quickly subdued by the British regular forces.
November 6th: Confrontation with Montreal between patriotic Association “Wire of Freedom” and members of the “Doric Club” of allegiance loyal supporter. Ransack houses of patriots. Exchange of shots with Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (November 10th).
November 16th: Arrest of patriotic chiefs. Louis-Joseph Papineau succeeds in going to the the United States.
November 19th: Demonstrations of Patriots with Quebec.
November 23rd: Victoire of the Patriots to the battles of Saint-Denis.
November 25th: Demolished Patriots with the Battle of Saint-Charles against the Lieutenant-colonel George Augustin Wetherall.
November 25th: The Patriots take the village of Saint-Eustace.
December 5th: Proclamation of the martial law in the district of Montreal.
December 7th: Defeat of the rebels of the High-Canada to Toronto.
December 13rd: William Lyon Mackenzie must be exiled in the United States where he proclaims the Republic of Canada with Navy Island.
December 14th: Battle of Saint-Eustace. The Patriots cut off in the parish church from Saint-Eustace are exterminated.
December 15th: The British army burns the Saint-Beno4it cheese village.

The United States

January 26th: The Michigan (free trade) becomes the State twenty-sixth of the American Union.
February 13rd: Riot of the Flour with New York.
March 4th: Beginning of the democratic presidency of Martin Van Buren with the the United States (fine in 1841).
May 10th: Stock exchange panic with New York. Economic depression. The banks suspend the cash payments. Big rise of the prices. Unemployment.
August 2nd: The Congrès refuses the annexation of the Texas in spite of the wish of its inhabitants.

October 21st: The chief Séminole Osceola is captured whereas floated the white flag. He dies in prison.
Eight hundred Creek agree to support the United States in their war against Séminoles in exchange of the promise which them family would remain in Alabama until their return under the protection of the federal government. The creek families, attacked by white petty thieves, are expelled of their grounds by the army towards the concentration camp of Mobile Bay under pretext of ensure their safety. When the warriors creek return from the war against Séminoles, they will be expelled with their family towards the west. 311 of them will die at the time of the shipwreck of the steamer Monmouth on the the Mississippi.
Typhoid Epidemic of with New York.

Africa

January 17th: Victoire of the Boers on the Ndébélé and their chief Mzilikazi, which migrate towards north where they beat and assimilate the local people (Shona, Tswana, etc). They found the kingdom of Matabélé in 1838 (Zimbabwe).

Boers, after having passed the river Orange and having pushed back Matabélé, oblique in the east, cross the solid mass of the Drakensberg in October and found with the Natal the town of Pietermaritzburg. They make agreement with the chief of the Sotho of the south, Moschech.

June 24th: The Busaidi of Oman eliminate the Mazrui, governors of Mombasa. They are Masters of all the coast Swahili.

Died of Mohammed Bello. His/her young brother Ousmane (Atikou) succeeds to him the head of the empire Peul de Sokoto (fine in 1843).
the black governor of the Portuguese Guinea, Honorio Pereira Barreto, increases the possessions of the Portugal by buying grounds with the local leaders with his personal fortune (end in 1859).
the explorer and missionary German Johann Ludwig Krapf, started from Zanzibar, reached the Kenya and establishes the first chart of it, comprising the Lac Kyoga. Ten years later, he will discover the Mont Kenya.
the trade of the coast mrima (ivory and gum copale), vis-a-vis Zanzibar, is given by the sultan omani in monopoly to the Arab merchants and swahili.
Demolished Egyptians with Bog manganese Kaltabu in Ethiopia.

The Maghreb

February 12th: The general Damrémont is named General governor in Algérie. He has as instructions (Molé) to limit himself to the restricted occupation.
May 30th: Convention of Tafna signed between the general Bugeaud and the emir Abd el-Kader. The emir obtains two thirds of the territory of ex-regency (province of Titteri and province of Oran, except for the towns of Oran, Arzew and Mostaganem). He establishes his capital with Mascara. The French undertake to exile its own opponents.
Damrémont comes into contact with the bey of Constantine to obtain a Convention of the same type, but Ahmed rejects her ultimatum the August 19th.
October 13rd: Forwarding of Constantine of 1837 : The General governor receives the order to walk on Constantine with 10 000 men. The city is taken the October 13rd after seven days of seat. Damrémont at summer killed the day before a blow of gun. Its successor the general general Valée endeavors to organize the province of Constantine, then must face Abd el-Kader (fine in 1840).

October 10th: Ahmad Pasha, wire of Mustapha, becomes Bey de Tunis (fine in 1855). The Regency of Tunis undertakes its modernization under its government.

the bey of Tunis Ahmad, by his extravagant expenditure, ruins Treasury. This expenditure is largely financed by loans contracted near France. The refunding of the foreign debt exceeds the incomes, which makes the bey principal debtor of France.

Oceania

May 22nd: First meeting of the Association of the New Zealand, founded by Wakefield and intended to facilitate the colonization of the country. Wakefield manages the island of the South until its annexation by the Great Britain.

Asia

February 19th, Japan: Ôshio Heihachirô, urban civil servant revolted by misery, organizes a plot with Osaka against the corrupted civils servant. It is the first frontal calling into question of the mode. The city is set fire to and the rebels launch out to the attack of the castle of Osaka. After furious combat, Ôshio is constrained to leave the city and commits suicide with its partisans.
September 28th, India: Bahadur Shah II succeeds his father Akbar Shah II. He is the last emperor moghol (death in 1862).

Ieyoshi Tokugawa becomes Shogun Japan (fine in 1857).
the king of Burma Bagyidaw is détrôné by his/her younger brother Tharrawaddy Min.
the Dutchmen impose their authority on certain zones of the interior of Sumatra.

Mongolia: Anti-feudal and anti-Manchu rebellion in the aïmak khanal tsetsene (fine in 1840). The arates state more not to recognize nor the capacity of the djasaks hochúns, that of the emperor. These movements are repressed.
the Dynasty of Barakzaï reign in Afghanistan (fine in 1873). The khan Dost Mohammad request with the British colonial authorities of India (Alexander Balls) which they support the territorial claims of Afghanistan on the Penjab. After the refusal of the British, it turns to the Russia.
Beginning of a great famine in India of North (fine in 1838).

The Middle East

the Egyptians arm the Kurdish with Anatolia against the Othoman and prohibit with the boats Turkish to accost in the ports of the Raising.
the Porte tries to renew contact with the Lebanon with Chihab Bachir II, which hesitates to change guard, then with the Druzes and the Métoualis, but is preceded by the British who take the party of the Druzes.

Europe

February 28th, the United Kingdom: The members of the London Working Men' S Association (chartists) obtain a program of electoral reform (People' S Charter), which envisages the male vote for all, the vote with secret vote, suppression of the obligation to be owner to be eligible, the M.P.'s salary and equality proportional of the districts.
May: Kossuth and Wesselenyi, chiefs of the “party of the reforms” in Hungary, are stopped by the government of Vienna.
June 18th: News ultra-liberal Constitution in Spain: creation of an additional legislative room, introduction of an electoral system in national matter and recognition of the individual rights.
June 20th: Beginning of the long reign of the queen Victoria of the the United Kingdom (fine in 1901).
December 27th, Russia, Calendar Julien : Transformation of the 5th section of the Chancellery deprived into a ministry for the imperial Fields given to Paul Kiselev (Pavel Kiselyov). Deep reform of the local management of the peasants of State (car-administration). The tax per capita is replaced by a tax on land and additional grounds are granted the poorest peasants.

Turbid insurrectionary in Sicily: in a context of social agitation and economic crisis, a rumor making the government responsible to spread the Cholera to poison the people is spread in the populations of Messine, Syracuse and Catane, which is raised.
Désamortissement of the properties of the goods of the secular clergy operated by the banker progressist Alvárez Mendizábal in Spain. The goods of the institutions and the religious communities are put on sale, the State having to ensure the maintenance of the clergy.

France

Chronologies sets of themes

Art & culture

old the Brahmi is deciphered: under the direction of James Princep, secretary of the Asian Company, an alphabet of oldest of the writings used in India is fixed (except for the kharosti).
Slavic Antiquities, in Slovak, of Safarik.
Construction of the church of the Saver with Moscow by Tuna (fine in 1883).

Sports

June 30th: Foundation with London of the National Swimming Society .
August: First races of Swimming in London organized by the National Swimming Society .
First competition of Athletics to the British College of Eton.
August 12th First regatta of Oar in France (Dieppe).
the Kent is crowned champion of Cricket in England.

Science and technology

Economy & Company

July 18th: Launching with Bristol-board of the vapor Great Western , first blue Ribbon in 1838.
the Jean archduke founds with Graz Association for the promotion of industry and the Craft industry in interior Austria .
the prince Anatole Demidov, ironmaster of the Ural, entrusts to the French engineer Play the mission of studying the exploration of the coal of the Donets.

Births in 1837

February 9th: Jose Burgos, Spanish missionary with the Filipino . († February 17th 1872).
March 7th: Henry To drape, pioneer of astronomical photography.
March 18th: Grover Cleveland, future President of the United States
March 21st: Bocanegra (Manual Fuentes there Rodríguez), Spanish Matador († June 21st 1889).
March 23rd: Countess of Castiglione, Italian courtesan († November 28th 1899)
April 28th: Henry Becque, French playwright
April 29th: Georges Baker, general and politician French.
August 11th: Sadi Carnot future president of the French Republic
August 24th: Theodore Dubois, French type-setter
October 29th: Abraham Kuyper, theologist and politician Dutch
December 24th: Elisabeth de Wittelsbach known as Sissi , empress of Austria and queen of Hungary, marries François-Joseph Ier

December 25th: Cosima Liszt, girl of Marie d' Agoult and Franz Liszt, wife of Hans von Bülow, then of Richard Wagner. She will be also, the ARIANE of Frederic Nietzsche.

Death in 1837

January 11th: François Gerard, French painter (° 1770).
January 20th: Sir John Soane, British architect.
January 29th: Alexandre Pouchkine, poet, playwright and Russian novelist.
February 4th: John Latham, Doctor, Naturalist and British writer (° 1740).
February 13rd: Commit suicide of the Spanish romantic dramatic author Mariano Jose de Larra (° 1809).
February 19th: Georg Büchner, writer and German playwright. (° October 17th 1813).
March 31st: John Constable, British painter.
June 20th: Guillaume IV of the United Kingdom.
October 5th: Hortense de Beauharnais.
October 10th: Charles Fourier, French philosopher.
October 6th: Jean-François Lesueur French type-setter and pedagog (° 1760).

Beats-smg: 1837 Be-X-old: 1837 Map-bms: 1837 Simple: 1837 Zh-yue: 1837 年

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