This page relates to the year 1818 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

  • Arctic Forwarding of John Roos in the search of a north-western passage. The British explorers William Edward Parry and John Franklin take part in it.

Americas

Latin America

  • February 12th: Independence of the Chile proclaimed by O' Higgins, ensured after the Battle of Maipù the April 5th. O' Higgins becomes the first president of Chile (fine in 1823). It imposes a centralized and authoritative State easily.
  • March 30th: Jean Pierre Boyer dominates the South of the island of Haiti.
  • May 16th: Contract signed between the Brazil and the Swiss (Canton of Freiburg) via Louis-Nicolas Gachet: 2000 Swiss colonists will be transported to the expenses of the government of Rio de Janeiro and will create the colony of Nova Friburgo, close to Rio. Another contract signed with Naples for sends of 2000 sicilians fails, the Italians wanting to benefit from the occasion to get rid of their vagrants and their prisoners of common right.

  • the island of Cuba obtains the freedom of trade.

North America

  • April 4th: The Congrès adopts the Drapeau of the United States.
  • May 24th: taken Pensacola (Florida) by Étatsuniens of the general Jackson which deposits the Spanish government.
  • October 20th: Treaty enters the the United States and the Great Britain fixing the border at the North-West on the parallel 49e since the Lac of Wood until the Rocheuses. The Oregon is open at the same time to English and American colonization.
  • December 3rd: The Illinois becomes the 25e State of the the United States. It gives the majority to the States abolitionists.

  • the Compagnie of Hudson Bay settles definitively in the sector of the Athabaska.

Asia

  • January 1st and February 20th: the British crush Marathes who had tried to be caught some with their interests with the Bengal. Each dynasty Marathe is seen allotting a very reduced territory, while the remainder constitutes the “presidency of Bombay”.
  • March 19th: Sir Raffles arrives at Bengkulu at the south-west of Sumatra, capital of the British establishments in the West Indies, of which it was named governor the October 15th 1817. He refuses to yield Padang to the Dutchmen, occupies Palembang, endeavors to hold the strategic positions of the Détroit of the Probe, attacks the government of his protests of what he regards as a treason of the colonial interests of the the United Kingdom.
  • April 22nd: Beginning of the Era Bunsei with the Japan (fine in 1830).
  • June 2nd: Sikh Ranjit Singh takes Multan. The Sikh make the conquest of the Cachemire (1819).
  • September 3rd: Ibrahim Pasha seizes Unscotches on the Wahhabites. The Othoman occupy the Nedjd (fine in 1822).

  • the States Rajputs sign treaties which put them under the English supervision (1817 - 1823).
  • Edition of the first Bengali newspaper in in India.

Africa

  • May 12th: The army animist of Da Coulibali, king of Ségou, is put in rout at Noukouma by the troops of Amadou Hammadi Boudou which put an end to the power Bambara with the Macina.

    • Beginning of the kingdom Peul of the Macina (fine in 1861): Tinder is proclaimed independent and concluded an alliance with the king from the Sokoto Usman daN Fodio, which grants the title of sheik to him and who approves the holy war carried out against the Bambara animists (1810 or 1818). Amadou Cheikhou, which installed its new capital with Handallahi (1821), drives out the ardo (chiefs) Peul animists remained faithful to the king will bambara then occupies Djenné.
  • June: Fifth war kaffir directed by the prophet Xhosa Makana, said Nxele (“the Left-handed person”, 1780-1819), which is stopped after the seat of Grahamstown with 10  000 of its faithful (April 1819) then killed at the time of an escape bid from the penitentiary from Robben Island.
  • November 21st: Abolition of the Treats Blacks by the France with the treated of Aachen.

  • Beginning of the Zulu kingdom of Tchaka with died of Dingiswayo (fine in 1829).
  • Beginning of the reign of Ghézo, king of Abomey (fine in 1858).
  • Rebellion of the Berber to the Morocco. The armies of the sultan are overcome on several occasions. The camping of Mulay Slimane is plundered in the Tadla.

  • Gaspard Theodore Mollien explores the Senegal and the Gambia: it crosses the Fouta-Djalon with an ass and an interpreter Peul and returns by the Portuguese Guinea, exhausted by the tropical diseases, but rich of ethnographic and topographic information.

  • Forwardings of the major and Adrien Partarrieu with the Gabon and the Senegal (1818 - 1819).
  • Introduction of the Giroflier to Zanzibar. Its courses increase regularly before crumbling starting from 1845.

Europe

  • January 22nd: Portugal: Foundation of the Sinédrio by a magistrate of Oporto. The company is given in particular for objective “to observe the public opinion and the evolution of the events, to be attentive with the news coming from close Spain… ”. It gains at its sights the army, humiliated by its situation of subordination to the British allies.
  • February 5th: Beginning of the reign of Charles XIV (Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte), king de Suède (fine in 1844).
  • March 15th: The first Sejm (assembled) of the kingdom of Poland opens in a climate of trust between the tsar and the Poles. Alexandre Ier of Russia promises the liberalization of the political life and the close links between the ex-Polish Russian kingdom and the gubernias . The hope of a reunification reappears, but the conservatives, who dominate the assembly, impose the re-establishment of the censure in 1819.
  • May 11th: crowning of Charles XIV Jean of Sweden.
  • May 26th: Abolition of the customs duties interior in Prussia, measure recommended by the economic council of Frederic-Guillaume III of Prussia, Karls-Georg Massen.
  • May 26th: Constitution of liberal inspiration in Bavaria. The two Rooms obtain the vote of the taxes and the right of petition, guarantee the freedom of the worships. The sovereign remains very powerful.
  • August 2nd: The Bade obtains a constitution. Serfdom is abolished.
  • September 7th: crowning of Charles III, king of Norway.
  • September 29th - November 21st: Congress of Aachen. It puts an end to the occupation France and a statute of great power recognizes to him by integrating it in the the Holy Alliance.

  • secret Reform projects and without following days in Russia: constitution of Novosiltsov, plan of release of the serfs of Araktcheïev.

  • In Russia, the Union of the hello becomes the Union of the public property.
  • considerable of the plain kingdoms of Sweden and Norway on the economic plans, policy and cultural Rise.

France

See also: 1818 in France

Arts & cultures

See also: 1818 in music, 1818 in literature, 1818 with the theater

  • Russia: Approval of a Company for mutual teaching. Foundation of the first Annals of the Fatherland.

  • the German architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel builds the theater of Berlin.
  • architectural Work of Carlo Rossi with Saint-Pétersbourg: together of the island Ielaguine (1818 - 1822), palate Michel (1819-1825), staff (1819-1829).
  • Inauguration of the Red Place of Moscow.

Sciences and technology

See also: 1818 in science

Births in 1818

Death in 1818

Beats-smg: 1818 Be-X-old: 1818 Map-bms: 1818 Simple: 1818 Zh-yue: 1818 年

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