1813

This page relates to the year 1813 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

Agreements of the the United Kingdom with the Sweden, the France, the Netherlands, the Spain and the Portugal abolishing the Treats Blacks (1813 - 1815).

Continuation of European colonization to the Cape. 25 000 European colonists, primarily Dutch, settle in the area of the Cape, subject the 20 000 Hottentots which live there and launch out in the breeding and sedentary agriculture.

the sultan of the Ouadaï Abd el-Kérim would have been killed by men whom it would have surprised to steal. His/her son Khafrine asserts himself with cruelty (end in 1828). His/her brothers are plugged and its exterminated enemies. The terror which it makes reign does not bring back the calm one at the vassal tribes which are released from its supervision.

June 7th, Ethiopia: The short-nap cloth of the Choa Sahlé-Séllasié takes the title of Négus (king) to mark its independence (end in 1847). It will receive with Angolala and Ankobér the visits of Rochet of Héricourt, sent by Louis-Philippe Ier, and of the British major Cornwallis C. Harris.

the Egypt occupies Massaoua (1813 - 1826).

Americas

North America

January 22nd, war américano-British: Demolished Americans against the British with the Battle of Frenchtown along the river Grape.
April 27th: The Americans make jump Fort York (Toronto).
May 13rd: the chief Shawnee Tecumseh overcomes Étatsuniens with the Bataille Maumee River (close to Toledo).
June 1st: Combat of Shannon and Chesapeake to broad of Boston.
August 30th: The Creek S Stick-Reds massacre 250 people with Fort Mins. In reprisals, the troops of Andrew Jackson set fire to a village creek, killing men, women and children. Jackson promises then in Creeks and the friendly Cherokee the grounds and the spoils which they could take with the Stick-Reds.
September 10th: American naval Victoire with the Battle of the lake Érié.
October: The Americans and take again Detroit with the Britanniques.
October 5th: Engagements against the Indians with the Battle of the river Thames (Ontario). Tecumseh is killed and its dream of unit dies out with him. After its death, the tribes Delaware, Miami, Ojibwa (or Chippewa) and Wyandot make peace with the Americans.
October 26th: British Victoire with the Battle of Châteauguay to the Quebec. Whereas it goes to Montreal, the American army is stopped in Chateauguay by Charles de Salaberry.
December 30th: The rout of the American army with Buffalo closes to him the road of the Canada.

the population of the High-Canada is made up to 60% of immigrants not Loyalistes come from the the United States.

Latin America

July 31st: Simon Bolivar is Master of the Venezuela after its victory against the loyal supporters with Taguanes.
August 6th: With Caracas, Simon Bolivar receives the title of Libertador after having declared the “war with died” with the Spanish colonial mode.
September 14th - November 6th: Morelos Pavón joins together there the congress of Chilpancingo which writes the first declaration of Mexican independence.
October 5th: The congress of Chilpancingo proclaims the abolition of slavery in Mexico.

the Spanish troops, released by the reverses of Napoleon in Spain, take again the offensive with the Mexico with the support of the Creoles.
the Colombia declares its independence.

Asia

the Burmese dominate the kingdom of Manipur.
Attempt fallen through of inversion of the Qing emperor of China by the secret societies (Sect of the celestial reason, resulting from the Sect of the white lotus).

India

July 12th: Ranjit Singh takes Attock.
October 4th: Lord Hastings becomes General governor of the Indies. He starts again the territorial expansion policy in direction of the Nepal.

Charter Act : The monopoly of the trade with the India of the English Compagnie of the Indies Orientales is abolished. Its functions are primarily soldiers and policies. It built a true State and one indicates it by the anglo-Indian term of raj (“reign”). Born with the Bengal, it is before a a whole tax machine inspired of the system Moghol, but which gradually yields the step to a bureaucracy made up of British senior officials. This process led to the ousting of the Indians of any important function. On the other hand, the Company raj respects a strict religious neutrality, which is the case neither of the Indian States, nor of the the United Kingdom, which will explain the loyalty of certain religious leaders during the Révolte of Cipayes and afterwards. The army absorbs half of the budget. Framed by British officers, it is primarily made up by sepoys (in Hindî shipahi , comes from Persan the sipahi , army, in French cipaye , to also see Spahi), recruited among the Brahmane S and the Rajputs of India of North.
the British Parlement imposes on the Company measurements favorable to the development of Christianity.

The Middle East & Arab World

the armed forces of Méhémet Ali undertake the reconquest of the Holy Cities of the Islam, Mecque and Médine on the Wahhabites in the name of the Othoman sultan (1813 - 1818).

Aldine Djalâl Pasha becomes governor of Alep. It restores the capacity of the Othoman administration while making carry out a score of chiefs Janissaires.

October 24th: Treaty of Gulistan. The Iran yields to the Russia its provinces located at the north of the Araxe (Azerbaïdjan) and gives up the installation of a fleet in Black Sea. End of the War Russo-Iranian woman (1804 - 1813).

Europe

January: Fourteen luddists (driving Working S) are hung with York with the the United Kingdom.
January 12th: Rapp is locked up in Dantzig, where it will support a very hard seat, since it will capitulate only the November 29th.
January 13rd: Abandonment of its command by Murat which leaves the Large army to return to Naples.
February 9th: Entry of the Russian troops with Warsaw.
February 28th: Karl vom Stein, former minister, convinces Frederic-Guillaume III of Prussia to sign the treaty of Kalisz of alliance with Russia against Napoleon. He organizes a levy in masse in the territories released by the Russians of the French troops.
Mars - April: Offensive Russo-Prussian in Germany.
March 3rd: Treaty of alliance suédo - British.
March 11th:

Entered of the Russian armed with Berlin.
the count de Provence (the future Louis XVIII) lance a proclamation asserting its rights to the crown of France.

March 16th: The Prussia declares the war with the France.
March 18th: Entry of the Russian with Hamburg.
March 19th: Treaty Russo - Prussian.

April: Riots with Leyde against the French occupation with the Netherlands.
{{1st}} - May 2nd: French Victoire of Lützen against the Prusso-Russians.
20 - May 21st: Victoire of Napoleon to Bautzen, on the troops Russo - Prussian ordered by the marshal Wittgenstein.
June 4th: The Austria proposes a mediation which is accepted by the belligerents with Pleiswitz but does not succeed. Metternich negotiates with Napoleon on the one hand, then with the Russians and the Prussians, and signs the treated of Reichenbach the June 27th with united.

July 29th: Opening of the peace negotiations with Prague.
August 8th: Metternich addresses an ultimatum to France. It requires a new division of the Poland, the restoration of the Prussia of 1806, the reorganization of the Confédération of the Rhine and the restitution in Austria of the Provinces illyriennes. Napoleon accepts these conditions, but its mail arrives too late and Austria declares the war the August 12th.
August 10th: End of the Congress of Prague; Sixth coalition; the United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia, Russia, Sweden.
August 12th: Declaration of war of the Austria to the France.
August 18th: Victoire of Davout to Lauenbourg.
August 23rd: Defeat of Oudinot to Large Beeren in front of Bernadotte.
August 26th:

Demolished French with the Battle of Katzbach.
Beginning of the Battle of Dresden.

August 27th: Victoire of Napoleon to Dresden; Moreau is seriously wounded during the battle (he will die the September 2nd).
August 30th: Victoire of the coalition to the Battle of Kulm.
September 6th: Defeat of the marshal Ney with Dennewitz.
September 9th: Treaty enters the Russia, the Prussia and the Austria.
September 17th: Armistice enters the Bavaria and the Alliés.
September 21st: Defeat of Karageorges chief of the the first Serb rising and of its troops. Constrained to take refuge in Austria, it will be interned there.

October 8th: Treaty of Ried between the Bavaria and the allies.
October 10th: Victoire of Napoleon on Blücher with Duben.
16 with the October 19th: Battle of Leipzig, said, battles of the Nations , where the 180 000 men of Napoleon Bonaparte are beaten by the 320 000 men of the united troops of Schwarzenberg. The king of Saxony, into full battle, changed camp the king of Bavaria and the king of Wurtemberg leaves the Alliance Fran1caise. In Westphalia, popular risings force Jerome Bonaparte to flee. Germany is given up by the French.

After Leipzig, the Tsar establishes a provisional government in Poland which maintains the majority of the institutions of the Duché of Warsaw and entrusts the command of the troops to the large-duke Constantin.

30 - October 31st: French Victoire with the Battle of Hanau, in Hesse.
November: Arrival of the Russian and Prussian troops to the Netherlands.
November 4th: Napoleon passes the the Rhine with 40 000 men.
November 9th: “Bases of Frankfurt”: proposals for a negotiation made by Joseph Metternich with Napoleon i.
November 15th: Rebellion of Amsterdam, insurrection of $the Hague directed by the theorist orangist Van Hogendorp.
November 17th: Departure of the French garrison of the Netherlands.
November 30th: Arrival of Prince d' Orange in the Netherlands, accommodated as a triumphant victor.
November 29th: Capitulation of Rapp, locked up in Dantzig since the January 12th, after eleven months of seat.
December 2nd: Guillaume Ier d' Orange becomes sovereign prince of the Netherlands.
December 4th: Declaration of Frankfurt. United use the argument according to which they make the war against Napoleon and not against France.
December 10th: British unloading in Tuscan.
December 13rd: Danish Victoire against Russo-German with the Battle of Sehested.
December 23rd: Entry of the Austrian in Alsace.

Spain

January 22nd: The the liberal Cortes confirm the abolition of the Inquisition.
Wellington is named by the junta of Cadiz commander-in-chief of the military forces in Spain. He forces the French to leave Madrid in March, then Valence in June.
June 12th: Victoire of Suchet on the British army under the walls of Tarragone.
June 21st: Divert Marmont with Vitoria. Joseph Bonaparte must leave Madrid.
July 2nd: Evacuation of the Spain by the large one of the French Army .
July 5th: Evacuation of Valence by Suchet.
July 28th -: Demolished Soult with the Battle of Sorauren, close to Pampelune.
July 31st: Defeat of Soult to Irun, in Spain.
Wellington besieges Saint-Sebastien, which falls the August 31st, then Pampelune, which falls the October 31st. Only the Catalonia and the the Pyrenees remain occupied by the duke of Dalmatie.
November 10th: demolished French troops of the Soult marshal to the Battle of the Bubble. The Hispano - British enters in France and besieges Bayonne.
9 - December 12th: French defeat with the Battle of Nive.
December 11th: By the Treated of Valençay, Napoleon Bonaparte returns the throne of Spain to Ferdinand VII. 12 000 Spanish families collaborator leave in exile to France.

France

Arts & cultures

December 27th: Fusions of the “Ancients” and the “Moderns” and creation of the Plain Big room of the Former Freemasons of England.

Sciences and technology

Economy & Company

Rio de Janeiro passes in a few years of 60 000 with 150 000 inhabitants.
Abolition of the rights of the Justice of the Peace in the wage determination to the the United Kingdom.
the last Guineas of gold are manufactured with the the United Kingdom.
the continental Blocus causes the bankruptcy of the Danish State.

Births in 1813

January 18th: Joseph Glidden, farm inventive American of the Barbed († 1906)
February 12th: James Dwight Dana, geologist, mineralogist and zoologist states-uniens.
May 5th: Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher.
May 25th: baron Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, politician, entomologist and Belgian ornithologist († 1900).
May 22nd: Richard Wagner, German type-setter.
June 9th: Hermann Lebert, Doctor and German Naturalist († 1878).
July 1st: Abbas Ier Hilmi, Viceroy of Egypt (1848 - 1854)
July 12th: Claude Bernard, physiologist French.
October 10th: Giuseppe Verdi, Italian type-setter.
October 17th: Georg Büchner, writer and German playwright. († February 19th 1837).

Death in 1813

April 10th: Joseph-Louis Lagrange, mathematician and astronomer French.
May 1st: Jean-Baptiste Bessières, marshal of empire, killed close to Weissenfells by a ball of gun
May 2nd: Jacques Delille, man of the church, poet, French academician (elected in 1774) (° 1738)
July 22nd: George Kearsley Shaw, Botanist and British Zoologist (° 1751).
September 2nd: Jean Victor Marie Moreau, general French of the Revolution and the Empire, the continuations of its wounds received with the Battle of Dresden. (° February 4th 1763.
September 24th: Andre Ernest Modeste Grétry, type-setter (Liege, 1741 - Montmorency, 1813).
October 19th: Józef Antoni Poniatowski, general Polish (° May 7th 1763)
December 17th: Antoine Parmentier, agronomist, Nutrition nist and hygienist French.

Beats-smg: 1813 Be-X-old: 1813 Map-bms: 1813 Simple: 1813 Zh-yue: 1813 年

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