1784

This page relates to the year 1784 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

  • January 14th: Ratification by the Congress of the United States of the first peace treaty between the the United States and the Great Britain.
  • August 16th, Canada: The Loyalistes installed in the north of the Nova Scotia obtain the authorization to form, under the authority of a government, the Council and an elected assembly, the province of the New Brunswick. The island of Cape-Breton the receives a separate administration of that of the Nova Scotia .
  • September 22nd: Grigory Shelekhov bases the first Russian colony permanent of the American continent on the island Kodiak in Alaska.

  • St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, with the the Antilles, becomes Swedish (end in 1877).
  • French-speaking Population of Low-Canada: 113  000 people.

Africa

  • Beginning of the reign of Abd er-Rhamane Gaourang, mbang of the Baguirmi (fine in 1806). It attacks the Ouadaï, but disorders burst in Baguirmi and its vassal revolted Boulala will call upon Saboun, sovereign of Ouadaï, which benefits from it to seize Baguirmi in 1806.

  • Died of the chief Peul Ibrahima Sori, followed by anarchy. The State Peul of the Fouta-Djalon becomes a confederation grouping nine provinces. The title of almani is reserved alternatively for the descendants of Ibrahima Sori (Soria) and for those of Karamoko Alfa (Alfaya), which causes disorders periodically. In 1804, the capacity is exerted always alternatively, but every two years, which does nothing but worsen the disagreements between the two families, certain chiefs refusing to yield the place.

  • During the 19th century, Peuls of the Fouta-Djalon will carry out operations of plundering against the adjoining countries.

the Maghreb

Asia

  • the Burmese king of Ava (auj. Myanmar), Bodawphaya, or Bodawpaya, conquers Arakan, the maritime kingdom independent of the east coast of bay of the Bengal.
  • Introduction of the Christianity in Korea (first Korean baptism) by the China.

Indonesia

  • May 30th: Treaty of Paris. Peace enters the United Provinces and the Great Britain.
    • the Fourth War Anglo-Dutch (1780 -1784) weakened the Dutch Compagnie of the Eastern Indies, which neglected to maintain the fleet and the army. The princes and the population of the archipelago make profitable the difficulties of Holland and it is necessary to lead difficult forwardings to Borneo and the Célèbes. Insurrectionary movements burst with Java. The road of the straits is threatened. The sultan of Riouv, archipelago in the south of the Malayan peninsula, forms with the sultan of Johore and other princes a true coalition. Malacca, invested in 1784, is saved of accuracy.
    • During three years, the commercial relations with the metropolis have summers stopped. With Java, one misses copper and silver money, and the administrators must at low prices sell the abroads the goods which accumulate in the stores. They must create a paper money. In metropolis, the Company avoids the bankruptcy only by requesting the assistance of the province of Holland and the General states. The peace of 1784 carries a new blow to him by opening the seas indonésiennes to the British who occupy Penang. The French are interested in the old road of Suez, which threatens the road of the Cape. The boards of inquiry (1780 and 1791) like the plans of reforms do not change anything with the old methods of colonization.

India

Europe

  • January 6th: The Ottoman Empire accepts the annexation of the the Crimea by Russia with the treaty of Constantinople. Potemkine is named field-marshal.
  • March 30th - May 10th: general elections in Great Britain. Pitt the Young person, who does not have the majority with the Communes, makes dissolve this Room by the king (March 24th) and proceeds to new elections which give him the majority. It follows an economic policy inspired by “letting it make, let pass” from Adam Smith and passes from the commercial treaties, in particular with France (1786).
  • April 9th: The the United Kingdom ratifies the Traité of Paris.
  • April 14th: Unbalanced and out of state to control, Christian VII of Denmark leaves the regency of Denmark to his/her son Frederic. The Bernstorff become again the usual advisers and a policy of reforms moderate allows the passage of a mode seigneurial strong sector of serfdom to a mode seigneurial attenuated, which leaves the property of 50% of the grounds to a free farming community.
  • May 30th: End of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War with the treaty of Paris. Peace enters the United Provinces and the Great Britain, expensive on the colonial level: Holland loses Negapatam in India and must grant the freedom of navigation to the Moluques.

  • triangular Fight to be able it in the United Provinces between the Stadhouder S, the patricians families controlling the General states and the patriotic party of the middle-class which seeks to democratize the government (1784 - 1787). Agitation orangist is subdued with Rotterdam by the irregular forces.

Russia

  • the Moslems of the the Caucasus fight against the Russians with the Tcherkesse S until in 1859.
  • the exodus of the Tatars of the Crimea, which prefer food under the Turkish law, gives up vast fertile spaces with Russian colonization.
  • Authorization of private printing works.

States of Habsbourgs

  • May 11th: The German becomes single language administrative of the empire (1784 in Hungary, 1785 in Bohemia, 1787 in the remainder of monarchy), which causes a violent one dissatisfaction in Hungary and Galicie.
  • August 27th: Customs tariff tending towards a protectionist policy in the states habsbourgeois.
  • October 31st - November 2nd: Beginning of the revolt of the Rumanian peasants in Transylvania led by Vasile Niclas Horea /Ursu (Hora), Juon Cloşca (Cloşca) and Crişan, the abolition of the personal constraint not being extended to Transylvania.

  • the emperor Joseph II prevents his brother Léopold from promulgating the constitution prepared for the Toscane.
  • In Tuscan, the goods of the convents and brotherhoods dissolved is used to create inheritances diocesans intended for better remunerating the priests and serving them.

  • Installation of the census of the population and the houses and establishment of the land register in the States of the Habsbourg which count 23,3 million inhabitants (1784 - 1787). 9,5 million inhabitants in Hungary, including more than 5 million not-Magyars. The country counts at the end of the century more than 60 royal free cities of which a score of more than 10  000 inhabitants, 665 boroughs and 15  000 villages. The urbanization develops. Debrecen has 30  000 inhabitants, Buda, Pest and Óbuda together 50  000. The majority of the free population commoner lives the cities. 600  is counted; 000 townsmen, is 7% of the population, but the completely émancipée middle-class represents only 150  000 people.

France

Religion

  • September 1st: The Méthodiste John Wesley breaks with the Anglicanisme.
  • Joseph II does not have any more a spiritual adviser Janséniste.
  • the consistory protesting for the Austria is transferred from Teschen to Vienna. It expresses the great vitality of the Luthéranisme.
  • Last lawsuit in Sorcery in Hungary. The defendant is discharged.

Art & culture

See also: 1784 with the theater, 1784 in literature

  • the voter of Cologne Max-Franz, brother of the emperor Joseph II, founds with Bonn a university.
  • the emperor Joseph II created with Lemberg a university open to the Poles and Ruthènes and organizes an primary school education in the two languages.

Science & technology

  • February 13rd: At the the United Kingdom, Henry Cort develops the proceeded of puddling which makes it possible to decarbonize the cast iron and to obtain irons and steels of quality.
  • the British agronomist Arthur Young (1741 - 1820) lance a newspaper of popularization, Annals off Agriculture .
  • the American inventor Oliver Evans builds the first flour mill with automatic corn.

Economy & company

  • British exports to the United States double between 1784 and 1788.
  • the industrial whole of Coalbrookdale in Great Britain produces more than 13 million tons of cast iron.
  • Regrouping with the Denmark, which makes it possible to create exploitations able to employ with profit the agricultural technical innovations. A policy of loans and subsidies with the peasants support this development.
  • the American politician Thomas Jefferson proposes to prohibit the Esclavage in the territories of the west.

Births in 1784

Death in 1784

Be-X-old: 1784 Map-bms: 1784 Simple: 1784 Zh-yue: 1784 年

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