This page relates to the year 1780 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • Domoni on the island of Anjouan is destroyed by the Malagasy pirates

Asia

India

  • the nabob of Arcot, which profited from important investments on behalf of the British, is pressed by them to honor them; this is why it delivers to plundering grounds of Mysore, which starts the second war britannico-mysoréenne.
  • July: The sultan of Mysore Haidar Alî puts the seat in front of Madras where Munro, the winner of the Bataille of Buxar, is killed. Haidar Alî understands that only a vast alliance between Hindous and Moslems can drive out the British. It negotiates with the French and the squadron of the baillif of Suffren is announced in the Indian Ocean.
  • August, Wars anglo-marathes: The British take Gwâlior.
  • September 10th: British defeat with the Battle of Pollilur.
  • October: Haidar Alî takes Arcot.

  • the trade between the China and the Occident represents approximately 40 ships per annum. This trade is overdrawn for Europeans who balance the silver and gold deficit. The British traders, who buy The and pay out of metal-money introduce the Opium in China to restore their trade balance.

America

Europe

  • January 16th: Naval battle of Holy Cape Vincent, with broad of the Portugal. Victoire of the British of the admiral George Brydges Rodney on a Spanish squadron ordered by Juan de Lángara.
  • March 8th: “Neutrality armed” with Russia in the conflict enters the American Great Britain and its colonies. League neutrals between the Russia, the Sweden and the Denmark, joined by the Portugal.
  • April: Creation with the the United Kingdom, on the initiative of the major John Cartwright, of a Company for the constitutional reform ( Society for Constitutional Information ) which recommends the male vote for all and annual Parliaments.
  • May 19th: The frigate the Sartine , having undergone the British shootings, runs aground in the entry of the Old man-Port Marseilles.
  • May 27th: Meet Catherine II of Russia and Joseph II of Austria to Moghilev.
  • 2 - June 10th: Gordon Riots. Riots anti-catholics with London, causing very important damage.
  • April 6th: “Resolution of Dunning” to the British Parlement, according to which “the capacity of the king increased, is increasing and must be reduced”.
  • August 24th: Suppression in France of the preparatory question which made it possible to obtain the consents of the defendant, reforms inspired by Miromesnil.
  • November 29th: With died of Marie-Therese, her son Joseph II becomes the only Master of the Austrian policy (fine in 1790). It wishes to impose a true revolution, carrying out the ideal of the enlightened despot. He will publish more than 6000 decrees and more 11  000 laws in ten years.
  • December 20th: Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (fine in 1784). The United Provinces refuse to apply the military clauses of its treaties of alliance with the Great Britain and decide to adhere to the League neutrals. Finally, the Great Britain declares the war to them.

  • the Russian troops evacuate the Poland. Stanislas Poniatowski can strengthen his capacity. A Party of the king is constituted, who gathers experienced politicians. Royal chancelleries, articulated on the departments of the permanent Council, are organized.
  • the duke of Caracciolo becomes viceroy of Sicily (fine in 1786). Former ambassador with Paris, it gives again hope with the partisans of the Lumières of the Deux-Siciles, but its death in 1789 and the French events will leave the free field to conservatism. It starts by removing the the Holy Office Sicilien, abolishes serfdom, removes the drudgeries, hunting rights, tolls, etc whose barons could not produce the titles, as well as the taxation of the goods exported out of the strongholds. In 1782, it exposes to the Parliament its project again registers to eliminate the abuses and the frauds and to distribute the fiscal charge more equitably. The nobility and the clergy oppose it.
  • frontier Agreements between France and évêché of Basle.

Art & culture

See also: 1780 with the theater, 1780 in literature

  • January 12th: First number of the Zürcher Zeitung (newspaper Zurich ois), of Solomon Gessner.
  • April 16th: The Université of Münster ( Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , WWU) is founded á Münster (Westphalia).
  • the Magyar Short story writer is published in Vienna.
  • the Hungarian Mail , published by Mathieu Rat, appears with Presbourg twice per week with 500 specimens.

  • Apollo crowned of bay-trees of the Italian sculptor Antonio Canova.
  • Claude Nicolas Ledoux builds the Château of Bénouville in the Calvados.

Science & technology

Economy & company

  • About 1780, London becomes the most dynamic city of the world, “the pole of the economy world” (Braudel) until worms 1929, substitute Amsterdam.
  • Spain: Creation of bills Treasury, the vales reales , true paper money.
  • Portugal: The balance of trade with the Great Britain becomes exceptionally favorable to Portuguese thanks to the Coton, following the war of American independence.
  • abundant Grape harvest in the vineyard of the the Rhine in 1780 and 1781.
  • Austrian monarchy counts 20 million subjects.
  • Pasteur Tessedik founds the first practical school of agronomy open to the commoners with Szavas (Transdanubie).
  • 30 maconnic cabins cash 900 members in Hungary.
  • Increase in the revenues from taxes in Poland (20 million zlotys per annum).
  • has Bern, the number of families having the right of middle-class (electorate) passed of more than 500 in 1680 to 230, by simple natural extinction.

Russia

  • Suppression of the supervision of the State on the industry imposed by Pierre Large the.
  • Russia is with the first world rank of the iron and cast iron producers.
  • the serfs of the crown constitute more half of the Siberian colonists and form part of the labor of the factories of the the Ural.
  • Business school.

France

  • Very good cereal harvests in 1780 and 1781. Lower prices of corn.
  • the traffic of Bordeaux, started from 12 million books in 1712, reached 250 million books, is surroundings the quarter of the French trade.
  • a great confusion in finances with a deficit impossible to fill without the General states of the kingdom, a fall of the wages and a strong social inequality enters the three orders and a chronic deficit of the budget of the State (expenditure higher than the receipts).

Births in 1780

Death in 1780

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