1778

This page relates to the year 1778 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

Asia

Oceania & the Pacific

  • January 18th: James Cook discovers some of the islands Sandwich, today islands of Hawaii, and the statement carries out some.
    • James Cook reaches the coast of the continent of North America to broad of current the Oregon and in vain seeks the Passage of the North-West. It however skirts the coast until in Alaska, engages in what is called today the strait of Cook, then carries on its road towards north, goes up until the Bering Strait which it crosses before being constrained to make half-turn vis-a-vis the ice-barrier of the icecap. It then gives the course towards the Sandwich islands, where it is constrained to winter. The relationship with Hawaiiens is degraded little by little: victim of the flight of a launch, Cook wants to recover its good and he is stabbed during a short confrontation with the inhabitants of the island (February 14th 1779).
  • November 26th: James Cook discovers Maui.

  • 1778 is also the year of birth of surfing has Hawaii. This sport will become popular that in the years 50, thanks to the cinema and with the music (that of the beach Boys).

Americas

Latin America

  • the Chile becomes general harbor office of the Spanish empire .

North America

  • the explorer Peter Pond crosses the “ Methye Portage ” or “ bearing of the Loach ” and reached the Lac Athabasca. It opens with the pedlars Compagnie the North-West the way of the basin of the Mackenzie, Big lake of the Slaves, river of peace, the higher course of the Athabaska and Petit Lake of the Slaves.
  • the navigator James Cook, in the search of a north-western passage, goes up the Western coast of Americas until in Alaska and crosses the Bering Strait.

See also: War of independence of the United States of America, France in the war of American independence,

Europe

  • June 6th: The province of the Banat of Temesvár dissolved, then is reincorporated by Joseph II with Hungarian monarchy (April 23rd 1779). Serfdom is introduced and the country condition worsens.
  • June 17th: Foundation of Kherson by Grigori Potemkine.
  • July 3rd: The Prussia declares the war with the Austria: it is the beginning of the War of succession of Bavaria (fine in 1779) with died of Max-Joseph, died without children (1777). To grant the infeodation of the Bavaria to the Elector Palatine Charles Theodore, Joseph II appendix Landshut and Straubing, in Low-Bavaria, against the will of his/her mother Marie-Therese and Frederic II of Prussia, which starts a diplomatic crisis. Prussia invades the Bohemia in July ( war of the potatoes ). Joseph II must give up his ambitions.
  • July 27th: Combat of Ushant: the French fleet of the Count d' Orvilliers force the British cruising of the admiral Keppel to break the combat.
  • September 7th: An agreement of rendering of Austria is signed in Hamburg by Andreas Brodschön (Prussia) and Mathieu Lassalle (Austria).

  • Spain: Creation of the mayors of districts, function which combines the benevolence in favor of the needy ones and prevention of the delinquency.
  • Catholics relief acts ( Papists Act ) in the United Kingdom, which causes movement of hostilities to the cries of “ No popery ” (1779).
    • Between 1778 and 1783, London takes conciliating measures in Ireland: the catholics find the right to have grounds, measurements striking the clergy are repealed, the granted freedom of trade and the abolished law Poynings , which returns to the Parliament Dublin its full competence legislative.

France

  • hot and dry Years (1778 - 1785). Early grape harvest. Wine crisis of overproduction and lowers prices (1778 - 1781).

  • February 6th: Commercial treaty enters France and the futures the United States.
  • March 30th: Voltaire goes back to Paris some time before its death, which will occur the May 30th.
  • July 12th: Creation of the assembly of Berry to Bourges
    • Necker creates provincial Assemblies with the advisory role to associate notable with the local government (the assembly of Berry in 1778 and the assembly of High Guyenne with Montauban in 1779), which causes the ire of the Parlements.

  • frontier Agreements with the electorate of Trier.
  • Abolition of the competence of recording of the ordinances of the Parliaments.
  • Calonne is named intendant in Flanders (fine in 1783).
  • Creation of the military divisions.

Religion

  • the Protestants are accepted with the library of Vienna.
  • Creation of a Jewish school with Berlin by Naphtali Herz Wessely (education Haskala, influenced by the Lights ).
  • Investigation into the monasteries in Tuscan with an aim of removing the least important. The the Holy Office east abolishes.
  • July 20th: Legal settlement between the Portugal and the the Vatican. Reorganization of the censure with the agreement of Rome which delegates its power at a “and censure board of examiners of the books”. The intendant of police force continues the books and the authors who “turn into ridiculous and speak with contempt about our holy religion and the supreme capacity to which we have happiness to be subordinates”.

Arts & cultures

See also: 1778 with the theater, 1778 in literature

  • Bust of Turgot of Houdon.
  • Soufflot builds the dome of the church Holy-Genevieve with Paris.

Sciences and technology

  • the Austrian doctor Franz Anton Mesmer opens a cabinet of treatment of the patients by the magnetism.
  • Publication of Research and considerations on the population of France of Jean-Baptiste Moheau, regarded as one of the pioneers of the Demography, in fact with character populationnist.
  • Discovered Molybdenum by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
  • French Flora , in three volumes, of Lamarck.
  • the count of Buffon adopts the idea of the evolution of the species in its work the Times of nature .

Economy & company

  • Last nine ports of the Iberian peninsula can take part in the commercial exchanges.
  • the Spanish empire opens with the international business.

Births in 1778

Death in 1778

Be-X-old: 1778 Map-bms: 1778 Simple: 1778 Zh-yue: 1778 年

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