1773

This page relates to the year 1773 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

May 8th, Egypt: Assassination of the sultan Ali Bey Al-Kabir. Its successors do not have the sufficient authority to control its vast empire. During more than one score of year, civil wars devastate the country.

the Colony of the Cape account 20 621 inhabitants, of which 2 165 agents of the VOC, 8 554 colonists and 9 902 slaves.

Calcutta becomes the capital of the British Indies.
Regulating Act placing Indian acquisitions under the authority of the British Parliament.

April 27th - May 10th: Vote Tea Act . The metropolis tries to restore the mode of the exclusive one. All the colonial traffic passes under British control.
December 16th: Boston Tea Party . To protest against the taxes, of Bostonian, disguised as Indians, throw a cargo of 342 cases of to the sea with Boston. It is the beginning of the disorders in the British colonies of North America.

January 31st: Frederic II of Prussia creates by decree the Prussia-Western province of .
February 20th: Beginning of the reign of Victor-Amédée III of Sardinia (1726 - 1796).
April 24th: Andreas Peter Bernstorff (1735 - 1797) is named Foreign Minister with the Denmark (1773 - 1780 and 1784 - 1797).
June: Resumption of the Russo-Turkish war. Victoire of Roumiantsev to Chomla. Failure of the Russians in Romania.
September 17th: The chief Cosaque Pougatchev (1742 - 1775) proclaims tsar under the name of Pierre III and promises to the peasants abolition serfdom.
October: Pougatchev besieges Orenburg. The Cossacks of the the Ural, the serfs and the workmen of Bachkirie, Mordovie, Oudmourtie, of Touva, the Tatars and the Mariis join. Catherine II of Russia load Bibikov (dictator of the East) to repress rising.

Riots of the hunger with Bordeaux.
Spain: The count d' Aranda leaves his functions under the influence of the high clergy to become ambassador in Paris. The count Campomanes (1723 - 1803), who replaces it as president of the council of Castille (fine in 1792), supports the tax reforms, the agricultural development by the colonization of the Sierra Morena, and the installation of a banking system.
Ferdinand IV of Naples entrusts to the corporations maintains it law and order with Palermo.
the tariffs of the sacerdotal services are regulated in Toscane.
Foundation of the Institute of the mines in Russia.

September 30th: The Diète of Poland ratifies the treaty of Saint-Pétersbourg of 1772 under the threat of new amputations.
October 14th: Creation by the Diet of the Commission of State education ( Komisja Edukacji Narodowej ), the first ministry for the State education in Poland (the first in Europe). The goods about the Jesuits, removed by Clement XIV, are transferred to the commission, which deals with eighty gymnasia and the universities of Cracow and Vilno.

Stanislas Poniatowski and the commission work to give on foot the colleges and the universities weakened by the departure of the Jesuits. The spirit of the Lumières appears in the programs. An average school is instituted by departments, that is to say 74 schools for 17 000 pupils. One teaches there Polish, Latin, mathematics and the history of Poland. Among the pupils is many commoners. In the campaigns the commission encourages the creation of rural schools around the priest.
a political press develops in connection with the action of the commission of State education.

May 23rd: All the legal distinctions between former and new Christians are definitively abolished with the Portugal.
July 21st: The pope Clément XIV pronounces the dissolution of the Society of Jesus by the bubble Dominus ac redemptor . He would have been elected on order of monarchies Bourbon in exchange of the commitment to remove the Company.

There is then 23 000 Jesuits, priests and brothers, divided in 39 provinces, 1 600 residences and 800 educational establishments. 15 000 of them are brought back at the secular state and become priests diocesans. They must give up their posts of teachers.
the colleges Jésuites in Austria are allotted to the piarists, while the university of Prague in Bohemia passes to the hands regular clergy. The Library of Vienna, hitherto between the hands of the Jesuits, is given to the university. In Hungary, one counts 7 colleges and 41 gymnasia Jesuits like several faculties at the university of Nagyszombat and the academies of Kassa and Kolosvár.
Frederic II of Prussia (Lutheran) and Catherine II of Russia (orthodoxe) refuse that the papal decree has authority in their States. The colleges Jesuits will continue to function there until the re-establishment of the Company in 1814.

May: The French maconnic cabins are reorganized within the Grand the East of France in a vast relational system arranged hierarchically by the affiliations. 200 in 1773, they pass to 300 in 1778, more than 600 in 1789 with 40 000 estimated followers.
October: Diderot remains five months with Saint-Pétersbourg with the invitation of Catherine II of Russia. He writes with his request a project for the organization of teaching in Russia.
Foundation of the technical University of Istanbul.

January 16th: The British navigator James Cook and the crews of the Resolution and the Adventure are the first men to cross the Polar circle the Antarctic during their Circumnavigation of the polar continent. They unload on the islands which they name Hervey, but which will take later the name of islands Cook.

the British Astronome William Herschel discovers the Astronomie by buying the book of James Ferguson.
Coulomb establishes the bases of the theory of the resistance of materials.

Foundation of the manufacture of cotton fabrics of Ebreichdorf with Vienna.
Use of tip truck and trams drawn by horses in mining and iron and steel industry in Great Britain.

January 4th: Paul-Louis Courier, lampoonist († 1825).
February 9th: William Henry Harrison, future President of the United States († 1841).
March 28th: Henri Gratien Bertrand, general of Empire
April 9th: Etienne Aignan.
April 13rd: Jean-Baptiste, count de Villèle, minister of Louis XVIII and Charles X
May 15th: Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, diplomat and an Austrian politician
August 22nd: Aime Bonpland, botanist and explorer French († 1858).
September 2nd: Louis de Ghaisne, count de Bourmont, Marshal of France, Ministers for the war († 1846)
September 25th: Agostino Bassi Italian biologist († 1856).
October 6th: Louis Philippe, future king of French († 1850).
December 2nd: Robert Brown, British botanist († 1858).
December 17th: Sylvain Charles Valée, Marshal of France.
December: Robert Surcouf

January 21st: Alexis Piron, 83 years, French poet and playwright (° July 9th 1689).
March 1st: Luigi Vanvitelli, 72 years, architect baroque Italy N. (° May 12th 1700).
March 24th: Philip Stanhope de Chesterfield, count de Chesterfield , 78 years, épistolier, journalist and British politician. (° September 22nd 1694).
March 13rd: Philibert Commerson, explorer and Naturalist French (° 1727).
July 23rd: George Edwards, Naturalist and British Ornithologist (° 1693).
September 23rd: Johan Ernst Gunnerus, man of the church and Norwegian Naturalist (° 1718).

Be-X-old: 1773 Map-bms: 1773 Simple: 1773 Zh-yue: 1773 年

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