1768
This page relates to the year 1768 Gregorian Calendrier.
Events
America
- October 26th: Guy Carleton, baron Dorchester, becomes general governor of the province of Quebec. If it makes some concessions with the British minority, it recommends a mode of equity however, asking the restoration of the French legislation by associating there the institution of the Habeas Corpus and endeavors to cure the abuses justice. The class of the anglophone tradesmen, claiming the meeting of Assembled popular promised by the Proclamation of October 1763, refuse to discharge the taxes claimed by the crown.
- November 5th: The Iroquois yield the Ohio to the British colonies with the Traité of Strong Stanwix or treated of the six Nations (William Johnson).
- Two thousand soldiers are confined with Boston by the British. Frequent skirmishes burst between the population and the soldiers.
Africa
- June: Beginning of the forwarding of James Bruce in Egypt and Abyssinie (fine in 1773).
- Madagascar: Between the Boina and the Betsimisaraka live the Sihanaka whose main resource is the draft of the slaves. When the razziées populations revolt and attack them, they call upon the French Shapes It to restore the order (1768).
- the French open a counter with Bizerte, in Tunisia, then obtain the authorization to settle on Galite and, later, with the Cape Bon.
Oceania & the Pacific
- March 16th: Return of Louis Antoine de Bougainville in Saint-Malo after its voyage in the Pacific (stopover with Tahiti, exporation of the most septentrional islands of the Archipelago of Solomon).
- August 25th: Beginning of the first voyage of James Cook (end in July 1771). It takes along scientists to Tahiti to observe the Transit of Venus.
Asia & Indian world
- May 17th: The order of expulsion of the Jésuites arrives at the Filipino .
- December 28th: Crowning of Taksin, king of Siam.
- the Burmese domination on the Siam is of short duration and ends during a Thai rising carried out by the general Phya Taksin, who autoproclame king of the Siam (fine in 1782).
- the Gurkha, warriors rajputs, take Katmandou with the Nepal.
- the British remove the Sarkars North of the Bengal to the Nizâm.
The Middle East
- Danish Forwarding in Arabia.
Europe
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February 8th: expulsion of the Jesuits of the Duchy of Parma.
- the religious policy of the duchy of Parma carried out by Guillaume of Tillot, minister of Don Philippe (intensifying of the control of the sovereign on the clergy, in its goods, its relationship with the pope, even in the exercise of the worship, prohibition of any recourse to foreign courts, in particular those of the pope) causes the interdict of the pope on the duchy. Parma expels the Jésuites then and abolishes the Inquisition.
- February 18th: Bloody confrontations with the Russian garrisons in Poland.
- February 29th: In Poland, formation of the Confederation of Bar of the Polish nobility against the Russian interference and the king Stanislas Poniatowski. Rising fails.
- April 8th: The the Holy Office loses its capacity of censure to the Portugal.
- May 2nd, Portugal: The Marquis de Pombal orders the destruction of all the registers containing the name of the Christian new families. He convenes the alleged household heads “rigorous” (who keep themselves of any impure alliance) and summon them to marry their daughters remaining unmarried in the four months with applicants excluded from their list. He threatens to déchoir of their dignity those which would not conform to it.
- May 10th, the United Kingdom: Massacre Fields of Saint-Georges following the imprisonment of John Wilkes (7 died, 15 wounded).
- John Wilkes, several times elected at the Communes, is each time invalidated by the majority won over to the king (1768 - 1774). It presents its candidature in eleven districts; meetings are taken place in its favor. Lampoons violent one, the Letters of Junius , denounce the personal role of the king.
- Riots and strikes during spring and the summer because of the dearness of the bread and the low wages.
- May 15th: treaty of Versailles, Genoa yields the Corsica to the France, colonization starts.
- May: Creation of the council of empire in Russia (Viazemski, Sievers, Bibikov, the brothers Orlov and Tcherkassov), charged to reorganize the army.
- June 11th: In reprisals with the judgment of the Duchy of Parma by the pope, the France occupies Avignon and the Comtat (1768-1774).
- June 14th, Poland: Massacre of Pole by Ukrainians with Human.
- September 25th: Choiseul and Vergennes, ambassador of France to Constantinople, which wants to save the Poland, push the Ottoman Empire to declare the war with the Russia.
- October 14th: Beginning of the ministry whig of the duke of Grafton, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (fine in 1770).
- December: Beginning of the Russo-Turkish war (fine in 1774). The Russians attack in Bessarabia and the Crimea.
- December 31st: Promulgation of the code thérésien of penal procedure ( Codex Theresianus or Constitutio Criminalis Theresiana ), written by Charles Martini. There remains traditionalist and usual. Torture and to rough-hew it for the homosexual ones is maintained. The sacrilege, the heresy, the apostasy, the blasphemy, are qualified crimes. End of the lawsuits of Sorcery.
- Revolt of the middle-classes against the domination of the patricians families to Geneva.
- Repression of the revolt of the Cossacks of Iaïk by the Russia.
- License favorable to the peasants of High Silesia influenced by White François von.
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Bad harvests in Bohemia (1768 and 1769): flight of the prices, crisis of subsistence.
- the Police station with the British colonies becomes true a secretariat of State.
France
- Frozen of olive-trees in Provence.
- April 3rd: Business Pink Keller. the Mail of the Low-Rhine is made the echo of the exploits of the Marquis de Sade, which would have involved in its house of Arcueil a poor woman to make him undergo maltreatment and to force it with acts blasphématoire one day of Passover.
- May 15th: Genoa, incompetent to reduce the revolt directed by Pascal Paoli, gives up with king de France his rights on the Corsica to the treated of Versailles. In June, the king creates with Bastia a superior council for insular justice.
- June 11th: Occupation of the Comtat for reasons of fight against customs smuggling and estrangement with the pope on the question of the Jesuits (fine in 1774).
- August: Business Chalotais (cf 1766). The governor of Brittany, the duke of Pivot, must resign vis-a-vis the obstruction (antifiscale and other) on behalf of the States and of the members of Parliament. The Duc of Lasted, which succeeds to him, restores in its rights and functions the Parliament of Brittany (July 1769).
- September 15th: Rene Charles de Maupeou is named Chancelier of France. He gives up at once in favor of his son Rene Nicolas de Maupeou.
- September 18th: Rene Nicolas de Maupeou becomes Minister of Justice of France.
- September 20th: Return of the general inspector Averdy after the failure of the liberalization of the prices of the grain.
- September 22nd: Etienne Maynon d' Invault is named General inspector of finances.
- October 9th: the troops paolists put in rout the French Army at Borgo.
- December 10th: Etienne Maynon d' Invault is named minister of state
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Reference of the Parliaments.
- secret Project of unloading in England of the knight of Eon, embassy secretary to London.
Arts & cultures
See also: 1768 with the theater, 1768 in literature
- January 9th: Philip Astley opens the first modern circus with London.
- Quarrel in France between the partisans and the detractors of the “beautiful canto” of the soloists which invaded the scene of the operas to the detriment of the music (1768 - 1772).
- the Harvesters , comedy with verses of Favart.
- the Ingenuous one, Op3era Comique of Gretry.
- the finta semplice , opera of Mozart.
- Olympiad , opera of Niccolo Piccini.
- December 10th: Foundation of the Royal Academy of London. The British painter Joshua Reynolds becomes the first president about it.
- the Experiment with the bird in the air pump , fabric of Joseph Wright off Derby.
- equestrian Statue out of bronze of Pierre Large the of Falconet to Saint-Pétersbourg.
- Robert Adam builds the whole of buildings of Adelphi (1768 - 1772), destroyed in 1936.
Sciences & technology
See also: 1768 in science
Economy & company
- Census: the Spain account 9,3 million inhabitants. The density remains low: 20 to 22 inhabitants with the km ².
- Physiocracy, or natural Constitution of the most advantageous government of mankind of Of the Bridge of Nemours, editor association of the newspaper of the physiocrats, Éphémérides of the citizen (1768 - 1772).
- Bank of Saint-Pétersbourg. Russia obtains an banking institution realizing of the current operations (deposits, discount, emission).
Births in 1768
- January 7th: Joseph Bonaparte, king de Naples and of Spain ( † 1844)
- January 28th: king Frederic VI of Denmark
- March 4th: August Friedrich Wilhelm Holtzhausen, engineer ( † 1827)
- March 21st: Jean Baptist Joseph Fourier, mathematician and physicist French
- March 30th: Etienne Marie Antoine Champion of Nansouty, General, rider of the Emperor ( † 1815)
- June 6th: Jean-Baptiste Bessières, marshal of empire
- June 9th: Samuel Slater, American man of industry
- June 24th: Marie Leszczyńska, princess of Poland and queen of France (° June 23rd 1703)
- July 27th: Charlotte Corday, personality of the French revolution, loophole of Jean-Paul Marat
- August 17th: Louis Charles Antoine Desaix, general French
- September 4th: François-Rene de Chateaubriand, French writer
- November 18th: Zacharias Werner, German poet
- November 21st: Friedrich Schleiermacher, German theologist
- December 18th: Marie-Guillemine Benoist († 1826), painter Frenchwoman
Death in 1768
- March 1st: Hermann Samuel Reimarus, philosopher and German writer (born in 1694)
- April 10th: Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal), painter and Italian engraver.
- June 8th: Johann Joachim Winckelmann, archeologist and historian of German art (assassinated).
- June 24th: Marie Leszczyńska, queen of France.
- October 8th: Pierre-Simon Baker, engraver and founder of French natures (1712 -1768).
- October 31st: Francesco Maria Veracini, type-setter.
Be-X-old: 1768 Map-bms: 1768 Simple: 1768 Zh-yue: 1768 年
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