1759

This page relates to the year 1759 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

January 6th: George Washington wife Martha Dandridge Custis.

April 23rd: the British Hopson and Moore occupy Low-Ground and Guadeloupe in the the French Antilles .
June: The British of the general James Wolfe, shouldered by the ships of Saunders, unload troops with the mouth of the the St. Lawrence. They reach Quebec (June) which bombarded for two months starting from the July 12th, fall the September 19th at the conclusion of the battle from the Plains of Abraham.
6 - July 26th: British Victoire with the Battle of Strong the Niagara.
July 31st: French Victoire with the Battle of Beauport, Quebec.
September 13rd: Battle of the plains of Abraham, the British under the command of the general James Wolfe demolish the French under the command of the general Louis-Joseph de Montcalm in front of the town of Quebec to the Canada. Wolfe dies in the combat and Montcalm is mortally wounded.
September 17th: Claude Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, lieutenant of the king with Quebec, gives the city to the general George Townshend, successor of Wolfe.
September 18th: The France gives up its colonial Empire North-American with the Great Britain and the Spain.
September 20th: The French are rejected on Montreal.
September 21st: The inhabitants of Quebec having left the city are authorized to return to take possession of their goods in the condition of lending an oath of fidelity to the king of Great Britain.

September 29th, Mexico: birth of the volcano El Jorullo with Michoacán.

Brazil

After the expulsion of the Jesuits (1754) a laic teaching develops: the State takes in hand the colleges and the schools of the Fathers.
500 000 Portuguese emigrants since 1700.

Africa

February 12th: Ali II Bey succeeds his Mohammed brother like Bey de Tunis (fine in 1782). It supports Europeans, in particular the French and the British.
the Jesuits, expelled of the Portugal and the Brésil are off-set in Angola by the Marquis de Pombal.

Asia

Burma: The Dutchmen are overcome definitively by the British with Bedara.
the Burmese Alaungpaya massacre occupants of the counter of the English Company of the Eastern Indies on the island of Negrais.
the marshal Mandchou Bye Houei seizes Kachgar and Yarkand. Kachgarie is annexed to the China under the name of “new walk”: Xinjiang.

The close East

November 25th: A Earthquake made 20 000 victims with Baalbek with the Lebanon.

Europe

January 12th, United Provinces: Beginning of the regency of the duke of Brunswick with died of Anna (fine in 1766).
January 13rd: several noble, whose Távora family are carried out for the attempt at regicide on Joseph Ier of Portugal.
February 25th: Convention Russo - Swedish, which the France and the Denmark join, to close the access of the Baltique to the foreign warships.

March 4th: Silhouette is named General inspector of finances in France. He presents a project of universal tax on the ground, the general subsidy, which fails in front of the hostility of privileged (certain taxes are levied on the use of the servants and the horses of luxury) and the irritation of the mass of the taxpayers. The court of the assistances emits remonstrances against the project. A beginning of bankruptcy makes fall Silhouette in November. Bertin, which replaces it in October (fine in 1763), gives up the general subsidy but promulgates the same types of imposition, direct or indirect, in particular the Twentieth additional and the ground for book of the general farm.

April 13rd: French Victoire with Bergen, on the Hand.

July 4th: Le Havre is bombarded by the British fleet.
July 15th: Sebastião Jose de Carvalho E Mello (Pombal) is named count d' Oeiras.
July 23rd: The Russians of Pyotr Saltykov beat Dohna with Palzig and open the road of the Oder, Frankfurt and Berlin. The division of allied prevents them from exploiting their victory.
: French defeat with Minden, on the Weser (Victoire of the Prussians of Ferdinand of Brunswick-Lunebourg).
August 10th: Died of Ferdinand VI of Spain, his/her children resulting from its second weddings with Elisabeth Farnèse reach the capacity (Spain, Parma, Naples).
August 12th: Bloody victory of the Russian and the Austrians over Frederic II of Prussia to Künersdorf, in Brandebourg.
August 17th: Choiseul orders a concentration of the forces on sea to unload in Scotland and in the estuary of the the Thames. The squadron of Toulon (14 vessels) force the blockade, passes Gibraltar, but is caught up with by the admiral Boscawen and is overcome with broad of the Portugal with the Bataille of Lagos.
August 30th: Beginning of the reign of Charles III of Spain (fine the December 4th 1788). King de Naples of 1734 at 1759, it is surrounded lit ministers as Esquillache (which was already its adviser in Naples, end in 1766), then Floridablanca, Aranda and Campomanes.
September 3rd: The Jésuites are expelled of the Portugal by the Marquis de Pombal. Pombal is devoted to a true hunting for the suspect Jesuits of opposition. The father Gabriel Malagrida, suspected of having encouraged since his exile of Setubal the plot of 1758 is degraded and burned (1761).
September 28th: Berlin capitulates and is put at bag. It must pay 1,5 million thalers. The Russians refuse to go on the Silesia, but the Austrians recall their army to it to start again their war of seat there.
October 6th: Beginning of the reign of Ferdinand IV, king of Naples (fine in 1825).

Charles VII of Naples must regain Spain with dead of his/her brother Ferdinand VI. Kingdom of Naples passes with its third wire Ferdinand IV, child which controls with the Council of regency chaired by Tanucci, which becomes very powerful, even after the majority of the prince in 1767.

the November 14th, the squadron of Brest (21 vessels) tries an exit and meets the British cruising of Hawke (31 vessels).
November 20th: Battle of the Cardinals, the British fleet demolishes the squadron of Brest which undergoes heavy losses in bay of Quiberon in Brittany.
In November, the remains of the French fleet are blocked in the ports.

William Pitt is named Secretary of State in Great Britain (fine in 1761). It holds the role of Prime Minister without having the title of it. It imposes an energetic maritime and colonial action. It orders with the troops Hanover, which had been committed by oath after the defeat of Kloster-Seven (1757) not fighting, to take again the weapons. Great Britain is then favoured in the war against France by a heavier taxation.
Convocation of the Hungarian Diet .
Guillaume of Tillot becomes the principal Minister for the duchy of Parma (fine in 1771). Admiror of Colbert, it is surrounded French administrators who quickly control the wheels of State and the economy, causing a feeling antifrançais tough which reduces the margin operates of the minister. He organizes National Forestry Commission with the Frenchwoman, supports the culture of the flax, hemp, of the vine, the artificial meadows and the potato. Roads and channels are maintained and manufactures (textile, earthenware, ices) are encouraged. The protectionist corporations and measurements remain in place. Guillaume Dutillot accepts the Encyclopédie and names Condillac tutor of the crown prince. The duchy lives at the French hour. A new library is created by the Théatin Paciaudi, teaching is reformed and in party entrusted to the State, arts and the letters are protected, the city clearing, improved hygiene.

Religion and Philosophy

Tibet : Publication in Rome of Alphabetum Tibetanum by the Congregation of the propagation of the faith, largely based on the letters of the capuchin Della Penna.
Ingenuous, philosophical tale of Voltaire.
Test on the elements of philosophy of Alembert.

Art & culture

the Reel , fabric of Jean-Baptiste Greuze.

Science & technology

January 15th: Inauguration with London of the British Museum.
March 12th: Passage of the Halley's Comet.

Galileo and Copernic is withdrawn from the Index.
First Stop watch of navy able to calculate the Longitude precisely, invented by the British carpenter Harrison and improved by the French Roy and Berthaud.
Foundation of the royal Botanical gardens of Kew to London in Great Britain.

Economy & company

the France account 25,3 million inhabitants (current borders).
Russia: Pierre Chouvalov monopolizes with his profit the trade of the cattle and the meat, sextupling the prices and carrying out enormous benefit.
Foundation by Christophe-Philippe Oberkampf of a manufacture of fabric with Jouy-in-Josas.
the British potter Josiah Wedgwood opens its first manufacture.

Births in 1759

January 26th: Robert Burns, British poet (Scottish national poet)
March 9th: Charles-Louis Huguet de Sémonville, politician and diplomat French
May 6th: François Andrieux: man of law and Academician French

May 28th: William Pitt, known as “Second Pitt” to differentiate it from his/her father, British politician , Prime Minister of 1783 with his death, in 1806.
July 10th: Pierre Joseph Dreaded, painter of French flowers
October 26th: Georges Jacques Danton, statesman
November 7th: Jean Antoine Rossignol, military general French, of the French revolution. († April 27th 1802).
November 15th: Herault de Séchelles, statesman

Death in 1759

February 27th: Jakob Theodor Klein, German Naturalist (born in 1685).
March 27th: August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof (or Roesel), Artist and German Naturalist (born in 1705).
April 14th: Georg Friedrich Händel, British type-setter of German origin of the end of the period baroque, which excelled in the art of the oratorio and which, synthesizing as well the influences British, German, which French or Italian, was appreciated in all Europe of its time.
May 12th: Lambert Sigisbert Adam, known as Adam the Elder one, French sculptor (1700 -1759).
June 12th: William Hakes, British poet (1721 -1759).
August 10th: Ferdinand VI of Spain.
August 24th: Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet, with the Battle of Kunersdorf (1715 -1759).
September 13rd: James Wolfe, British general .
September 14th: Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, general French.
July 27th: Pierre Louis Maupertuis, mathematician and astronomer French.

Be-X-old: 1759 Map-bms: 1759 Simple: 1759 Zh-yue: 1759 年

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