This page relates to the year 1682 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Americas

  • First Spanish establishment with the Texas in Ysleta (El Paso).
  • With the Brazil, the creation of a company of trade for the Maranhão E Grão Pará creates new tensions which lead to the expulsion of the Jésuites (1682 - 1686).

Africa

  • Beginning of the reign of Ahmed Bokor, king of the Darfur (fine in 1722). Darfur east with her apogee. The country maintains the relations followed with the Egypt, which will annex it in 1874.
  • naval Victoire of Duquesne on the barbaresque pirates with Algiers.

Asia

  • the China makes the conquest of the Yunnan.
  • the emperor Mandchou Kangxi recognizes Galdan like khan Oïrat S (Dzoungarie).
  • Nomination of a Russian governor with Albazin on the Love.

  • In India, Aurangzeb attacks the Marathes, trying without success to seize Akbar, his/her revolted son.

  • the rich person sultanate of Banten (Pepper), to Java, falls under control Dutch. The representatives of the English Compagnie of the Indies Orientales are driven out and transfer their activities to Bengkulu, on the west coast of Sumatra.

Europe

  • June 10th: To Luxembourg, signature of an alliance enters the emperor Léopold Ier and the circles of Haut-Rhin and Franconie.

  • June: Imre Thököly wife Ilona Zrinyi, widow of the prince Ferenc Rakóczi, who fights at his sides.
  • August: Revolted the Hungarian Imre Thököly becomes vassal of the Door which grants the royal title to him. It supports it in the countryside of Vienna and occupies Bratislava (1683).
  • October 12th: Treaty of Stockholm: alliance between the Sweden and the empire for maintains provisions of the Traités of Westphalia and Nimègue.

  • Rupture of the diplomatic negotiations with Frankfurt.
  • Christian V of Denmark approaches Louis XIV when the Sweden binds to the United Provinces.
  • Treated between Victor-Amédée II of Savoy and the France, envisaging a company against the Milanese.
  • Charles XI of Sweden obtains the absolute capacity of the Riksdag. He undertakes reforms aiming at rectifying the country: he reduces the goods of the nobility considerably, fills, thanks to a judicious administration of the receipts, the national debt, and reorganizes the army (70  000 men) and the fleet (10  000 sailors).

France

  • January: Embassy of the Sultan of the Morocco.

  • January 29th: Treaty of friendship free - Moroccan of Saint-Germain.
  • February: The emperor Léopold I {{er}} adheres to an alliance antifrançaise already formed between Sweden and Holland.
  • March 19th: The Parliament of the clergy, reflecting the royal intentions expressed by Bossuet, adopts the Déclaration of the Four Articles, protest demonstration gallicane against the theory of the Papauté, practiced with such an amount of boldness by Hildebrand (Gregoire VII). The king recognizes with the pope the capacity on the spiritual things - which relate to safety - but not on the temporal and civil things. The sovereigns are subjected to no ecclesiastical power by the order of God in the temporal things, cannot be deposited by the authority of the chiefs of the Church. The Concile is above the Pape. The decisions of the pope are irreformable only as far as they are accepted by the Église. The use of the apostolic power must be regulated by the guns.
  • March 23rd: Louis XIV confirms by edict the Déclaration of the Four Articles, which becomes thus law of State. The pope Innocent XII then refuses to give the canonical institution to the priests chosen by the king to occupy the évêchés vacant ones, under pretext which they had subscribed to the declaration.
  • May 6th :
    • the French clergy reaffirms freedoms of the Church gallicane after the protest of the Pape following the declaration of the March 19th.
    • the court settles with the palate of Versailles. The nobility, obliged to show itself at the court to obtain loads and pensions is henceforth between the hands of the capacity royal and uprooted its soils of origin.
  • July: Enclose burning Chambre. End of the lawsuits of Sorcery.

    • “pastoral Warning of the Church gallicane assembled with Paris with those of RPR (allegedly reformed religion) to carry them to convert and to reconcile themselves with the Church”.
    • Meeting of Luxembourg.

Russia

  • March 31st: Avvakoum and its disciples undergoes the torment of fire.
  • Abolition of the mestnichlevstvo , right of the boyards to precedences by Fédor III.
  • April 17th:
    • Fédor III dies without heir.
    • Beginning of the reign of Pierre I {{er}} Large the, Tsar of Russia (fine in 1725).
      • Ivan V (1666 - 1696) and Pierre Ier is Co-tsars of Russia under the Regency of Sophia Alexeievna (fine in 1689).
      • Sophia is pro-European, hagiographal (it writes a life of holy Catherine, translator of Molière of which it makes represent the Médecin in spite of him in the theater of the the Kremlin. It projects to modernize the Russia and to pose the problem of serfdom.
  • May 11th: Revolt Streltsy, body of regular infantry created by Ivan the Terrible (1550) and attached to the old traditions: Ivan V, physically and mentally weak, is isolated throne. The boyards and the Joachim patriarch proclaim tsar his half-brother Pierre Ist Their sister Sophia Alexeievna (1657 - 1704) foments a riot among Streltsy (20  000 men) who impose the two tsars under the regency of their sister helped by her favorite Vassili Golitsyne. The clan of the Narychkine, exterminated in blood during the riot, Sophia seems to triumph, but Streltsy of the prince Khovanski widen their claims with the religious question. In majority Old Believer, they require a reaction to orthodoxy niconienne, which Sophia cannot accept. During the summer, a council joins together to bring closer the points of view turns short, exasperates Streltsy which put Moscow at fire and blood. The regent, who had to give up temporarily Moscow in Streltsy to take refuge with the convent of Troïtsa, takes again the situation in hand while making stop and carry out the leaders (Khovanski) and banish the seditious ones. The raskolniki are persecuted hard. The edicts of 1682 and 1684 envisage for them to rough-hew it.

  • Vassili Golitsyne is named chancellor and person in charge of the Foreign affairs.
  • the Russia account 13 million inhabitants.

Art & culture

  • Jean-Baptiste of the Room (1651 - 1719) founds the institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, which dedicates simple brothers, not priests, with the education of the poor children.
  • Pleasures of Versailles of Marc-Antoine Charpentier.
  • Christian Meditations and metaphysics of Malebranche.
  • the Examination of oneself to prepare with the communion , of Claude.
  • Thought on the comet , of Pierre Bayle, rationalist approach of the vagueness of fear which large the Comet caused.
  • general History of the crusades of Mainbourg.
  • the Medal and Mac Flecknoe satires of John Dryden.
  • Religio laici poem of John Dryden.
  • The Holy War , of John Bunyan.
  • has off Narrative the Captivity and Restoration off Mrs. Mary Rowlandson

See also: 1682 with the theater

Sciences & technology

  • Sir Isaac Newton shows the laws of the gravitation.

  • Louis XIV inaugurates the Observatoire of Paris.
  • Georgica Curiosa , treated agronomy of the Austrian Wolf Helmhardt von Hohberg.
  • Edition of the Acta eruditorum with Leipzig (Leibniz).
  • Dutch Studies ( Rangaku ) with the Japan: Translation of scientific of Japanese Dutch, mainly pharmacological and medical texts, on rollers illustrated and with accompanying notes. Certain doctors try dissections, others claim more translation.

Economy & company

  • Crisis in industry clothier with Milan: from 70 in 1616, the workshops working wool passed to 5.

Births in 1682

Death in 1682

Easter Day

Be-X-old: 1682 Map-bms: 1682 Simple: 1682

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