1675

This page relates to the year 1675 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

June 5th: Jacques Duchesneau of Doussinière and Ambault becomes intendant of News-France.
June 6th: the first striking of currency out of gold with Mexico City.
July 8th: Beginning of the “War of the king Philippe” against the Indians, with the Massachusetts (1675 - 1676).

Appearance with the Quebec of the expression “Runner of wood” (those which traverse the forests to negotiate directly with the Amerindians the skins of animals).

Africa

Of 25 000 with 30 000 black slaves are off-set each year by Europeans towards the America of 1675 with 1700.

Beginning of the reign of Andriamasinavalona, king of the Imerina, with Madagascar (fine in 1710).

Civil war with Tunis (1675 - 1686) which involves the intervention of the Turks of Algiers.

Asia

November 11th: The ninth gurû sikh Teg Bahdur is assassinated by the emperor Aurangzeb. Gurû Gobind Singh becomes the tenth and last Gurûs of the sikhism.

resistance Sikh against the Moghols intensifies in India.

French Trade with the Indies.

Beginning of the reign of Chey Chettha IV, king of Kampuchea (fine in 1706).
New negotiations of the Russia with the China via the Jesuits of Beijing.

Europe

Be extraordinarily cold and wet (June). Late in France and catastrophic grape harvest in the Rhenish vineyard. Bad harvests in Scandinavia (1675 - 1677).

January 5th: Battle of Turckheim, in Alsace, gained by the marshal of Turenne against the imperial ones; it makes it possible the France to annex new territories in Alsace.
May - June: Success of the French troops to the Netherlands.
June 11th: Treaty of Jaworowo; alliance of Jean III Sobieski, king of Poland, with Louis XIV against the Austria.
June 12th: Victor-Amédée II (1666 - 1732) becomes duke of Savoy (fine in 1730). Regency of his/her mother Marie Jeanne Baptist of Savoy. He reforms his states. During its reign is established the bureaucratic centralism, the Mercantilisme, the control of clergy (legal settlement of 1727). Before 1730, the special fiscal advantages of the nobility are removed and the peasants can repurchase the feudal rights.
June 28th: Frederic-Guillaume Ier de Brandebourg, combined with the Denmark is victorious with the Bataille of Fehrbellin on Charles XI of Sweden, combined France. He takes the Swedish Poméranie (1675 - 1679) and is high with the dignity of Great Elector.
July 27th: Turenne is killed by a ball with the Bataille of Salzbach after having crossed the the Rhine.
August 11th: The marshal François de Créquy is overcome by the imperial ones with the Bataille of Consarbrück.
August 24th: Polish Victoire on the Othomans with the Battle of Lwów.
September 11th: Died of the duke Charles IV of Lorraine at the time of a return hoped in the duchy. She announces the rout of the Lorraine army.
September 20th - October 11th: Battle of Trembowla between the Othomans and Poland.
September: The French garrison of Trier mutine and delivers the city to the imperial ones. Créqui is prisoner.

the rebels Hungarian are Masters of the campaigns.

France

April 18th - September 2nd: Rising general in Brittany, known as " of the red Bonnets " and " paper timbré". Repression is carried out by 6 000 dragons; decapitation of rebellious bell-towers in Cape Caval; exile of the Parliament of Brittany.

April 18th: Put at bag with Rennes of the offices where the stamped paper is sold. The notary Sebastien Balp is appointed as chief by revolted.
Revolt with Nantes (April 22nd), with Montfort, Dinan, Lamballe, Valves (1 - May 3rd).
June 9th: Catch of the castle of Boixière. The movement extends in the campaigns from Low-Brittany (June).
August 24th: Repression by 6000 made soldiers of France.
September 2nd: Assassination of Balp. Deprived of chief, the movement is blown.
September 18th: Disarmament of the parish of Maël-Carhaix. Seizure of 48 rifles and 3 guns.

Louvois succeeds his/her father Michel Tellier with the secretariat of state to the War. Only Master of the armies with died of Turenne, it reorganizes some maintains it and recruitment. The order of the table opens the command with the commoners, of the provincial militia are instituted, carrying manpower with 300 000 men, of the military academies are created.

Madam de Maintenon (1635 - 1719), crosses the Col of Tourmalet for the first time in sedan-chair. It goes to Barèges, “to take water”, in order to look after the Duc of Maine (1670 - 1736).

Religion

spiritual Guide , of Molinos, at the origin of the Molinosisme or Quiétisme, condemned by the Innocent pope XI (1687).
pious Desires ( Pia Desideria ) of Philipp Jakob Spener, text founder of the Piétisme: creation of meetings of study of the word ( collegia pietatis ), reactivation of the practices related to universal priesthood, preeminence of the Christian life on theology, catechesis and preaching, practices charity, restoration of theology starting from works of Tauler and the Imitation of Jesus-Christ .
Consensus of the theologist Swiss calvinist François Turretini, in favor of an intransigent orthodoxy.

Art & culture

the Perfect one negotiating Savary.
the Research of the truth of Malebranche (1674-1675).
poetic Art , of Nicolas Boileau, proclamation of the French classicism.
Aureng-Zeb , tragedy of John Dryden.
John Bunyan writes in prison Pilgrim' S Progess .

Science & technology

August 10th: The Royal observatory of Greenwich builds by the English architect to sir Christopher Wren is inaugurated.

Tito Livio Burattini publishes Misura Universale , work in which it re-elects and redefines the universal measurement length, the Mètre.
the Dane Oläus Römer studies the Speed of light (1675 - 1676).
Huygens invents in regulating Paris the watches with spiral Ressort.
Leibniz discovers the basic principles of the Infinitesimal calculus.
Theory of the light and the colors of Newton.
Cassini discovers the division of the Saturn's rings

Economy & company

Leghorn becomes a free port, which causes the surge of the merchants and the goods.
In England, of the Police chiefs to the trade and colonies (Lords off Trade) is charged to supervise the application of the Actes of Navigation.
Creation of the accounts - bank checks in England.

Births in 1675

January 16th: Louis de Rouvroy, duke of Saint-Simon, French writer, celebrates for his Mémoires . († March 2nd 1755).
July 25th: James Thornill, painter and decorator English.

Death in 1675

May 18th: Father Jacques Inlays, Explorateur and missionary Jésuite French, discoverer of the the Mississippi with Louis Jolliet. (° June 1st 1637).
June 8th: John Jonston, British author of a zoological encyclopedia (° 1603).
July 25th: Nicolas Saboly, poet and type-setter of Provence, with Avignon (born the January 30th 1614 with Monteux (Vaucluse)).
July 27th: Turenne, large French general, during a battle.
September 23rd: Valentine Conrart, French writer (Paris, 1603-1675), father of the French Academy.
October 27th: Gilles Nobody Roberval, French mathematician.
October: James Gregory (1638 -1675), known Scottish physicist for the invention of the Telescope to reflection and for its calculation of the value of π.
December 15th: Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter (° 1632).

nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

Bertholet Flémal or Flémalle, painter and architect inhabitant of Li2ege (born in 1614).

Easter Day

April 14th: Easter Sunday

Be-X-old: 1675 Map-bms: 1675

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