1660

This page relates to the year 1660 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

  • May 1st, Quebec: Adam Dollard of Ormeaux and 16 of his/her friends arrive at Length-Sault and wait, in the remainders of a given up palisade, the Iroquois (which had declared the war with the White) which go up the river Ottawa. Not knowing that the group of Iroquois counts approximately 300 men, they are barricaded in their palisade where they will be besieged during one week. The Huron make defection, water starts to miss, and when a powder barrel explodes in the palisade, besieged fall to the hands from Iroquois. Last nines of the survivors will be tortured with died then eaten.
  • June 1st: Execution with Boston of the Quaker Mary Dyer. Beginning of systematic persecutions against the Quakers, who will last until the end of the Années 1660.
  • July 15th: The Indians Delaware are overcome by the Dutchmen in the Guerre of Esopus.

Asia

  • Dutch Attack against the sultan of Makassar.

Europe

  • February 23rd: Beginning of the reign of Charles XI of Sweden (fine in 1697). The capacity is entrusted to a council of regency (fine in 1672).
    • Magnus Gabriel of Gardie and the nobility exerts a strong influence in Sweden during the minority of Charles XI. Riksdag obtains the right to be assembled every three years. In spite of the opposition of the other orders, the nobility manages to stop the application of the Reduction of 1655.
  • 11 - April 13rd: Auto-da-fe with Seville. A crowd of 100  000 people takes part in it.
  • May 3rd: Peace of Oliwa: Casimir V of Poland yields the Livonie until the Duna to the Sweden and gives up suzerainty on the Eastern Prussia the profit of the Brandebourg, which becomes the most powerful State of Germany (right of reversion to Poland in the event of absence of a heir).
  • June 6th: Treaty of Copenhagen, second act of the “peace of North” between the Sweden and the Denmark. The Danish royal capacity is reinforced. The Sweden must return to the Denmark Bornholm and Trondhjem and Denmark must give up its attempts to close the Baltique with the foreign men-of-war.
  • June 7th: Died of Georges II Rákóczy, voïévode of Transylvania. Overcome at the time of a campaign against the Poland is deposited by the sultan. Restored, he dies shortly after in the combat vis-a-vis the Othoman which have invades the Transylvania. Ferenc Rakóczi Ier, elected prince, will not be able to occupy its seat. The catholic Jean Kémény is designated the December 22nd by the party pro-Austrian, which causes the anger of the top dog who utilizes the Tatars.
  • October 8th: The king Frederic III of Denmark receives the homage of the States. They will not be called any more during 175 years.

  • Recès of 1660 in Brandebourg: the States preserve the right to be assembled with the proviso of treating only nature of the taxes and form of their collection.
  • Abrogation of the Act of exclusion to the United Provinces.

British Isles

  • February 2nd: George Monck, of return of Scotland, enters to London with its troops.
  • February 21st - March 16th: Reformation of the Long Parliament.
  • February 27th: John Thurloe becomes Secretary of State. It is stopped for high treason after the Restauration the May 15th.
  • April 25th: First meeting of the Parliament Convention.
  • 1 {{er}} May: Declaration of Breda of Charles II of England (Stuart), wire of Charles Ier and Henriette de France, granting the amnesty and the freedom of conscience to the English.
  • May 8th: Charles II is proclaimed king d' Angleterre, of Scotland and Ireland by the Parliament (fine in 1685).
  • May 29th: Entry in London de Charles II, end of the English republic and restoration of the Stuarts. The king practices a policy which is attached to the models of the past, in particular on the religious and diplomatic level.
    • During a few months, a policy of repression is exerted against the puritan revolutionists, supported by the election of the Riding Parlement, favorable to the king (May 8th 1661). Regicides are considered to be, certain are carried out. The puritan armed is returned. The grounds of the emigrants and the Church Anglican are restored. Part of the legislative work of the puritan time is repealed.
    • the king takes again his functions of chief of the official Church. The bishops find their stations and their dominant influence. They require a Prayer Book revised, written by Anglicans and in front of being adopted by all the ministers of religion, those which refuse having to leave their parish. The emigration begins again among the Anabaptistes and the Quakers. The catholics profit from a great tolerance, being able to practice their worship and to reach the public office.
    • Edward Hyde, count de Clarendon (1609 - 1674), becomes Prime Minister.
  • August 29th: the Act of lapse of memory ( Act off Oblivion ), amnestying the majority of the revolutionists, takes the force of law.
  • October 17th: Execution of ten regicides.

  • Act of navigation on the registration of the English ships (for the application of the act of 1651).
  • Installation of a community Marrane with Dublin.
  • Epidemics in England.

France

See also: 1660 in France

  • January 18th: Arrival of the Court with Aix-en-Provence.

  • January 20th: Occupation of Marseilles by the royal troops.
  • February 11th: Construction of the Saint Nicolas's Day citadel to Marseilles. Louis XIV enters the city (March 2nd). Letters patent modify the mode of the municipal elections of Marseilles and place the city under royal supervision.
  • March 2nd: Louis XIV enters to Marseilles.
  • April 5th: Turenne is named general marshal.
  • June 9th: Louis XIV wife with Saint-Jean-with-Luz the infante Marie-Therese with a dowry of 500  000 ecu of gold for its renunciation of the throne of Spain (which will never be paid). With Toulouse, at the time of the marriage of the king, a monster representing is flaring the heresy.
  • August 26th: Solemn entry of the royal couple with Paris.
  • September 20th: Mazarin removes the Compagnie of the Blessed Sacrament.
  • September: Provincial the is burned hand of the torturer.

Religion

  • prohibited Louis XIV Provincial the , the work of Blaise Pascal which denounces the existing institutions and methods, like the Casuistique.
  • France: The Juifs Séfarades obtain the right to build their Synagog S about 1660-1680 and have 1650-1660 more and more their own cemeteries (Bayonne - Holy Spirit, Peyrehorade, Bidache, Labastide-Clairence, then Bordeaux starting from 1720).
  • the pope Innocent XI makes prohibit any translation of the Roman Missal.
  • the tsar Alexis Ier joins together a council which condemns the patriarch Nikita Nikon, but the retractation of a voter cancels all the procedure.
  • Bossuet sermon the Lent of the Tiny ones.

Art & culture

  • 60  000 pupils in the colleges Jesuits, Doctrinary Oratoriens or in France.
  • Publication of the first daily newspaper, the Leipziger Zeitung

  • the Paradise lost , of John Milton.

  • Astraea Redux , of John Dryden.
  • Almahide or the slave queen (8 volumes), novel of Miss de Scudéry.
  • Pierre Corneille makes publish her Théâtre with a Examen of each part and Three Speeches on the dramatic poem .
  • First Satires of Boileau ( Congestion of the Paris streetses ).
  • solitary Talks of Georges de Brébeuf.
  • the Menagerie , satire of Charles Cotin.
  • Grammar of Port-Royal of Claude Lancelot.
  • the Nymph of the Seine , ode of Root.

See also: 1660 with the theater, Literature of the English Restoration

  • Sebastien Camus becomes Master of music of Marie-Therese.

  • Cavalli produces with Paris the opera Xerse .
  • History of the Nativity , Heinrich Schütz.

Sciences & technology

Economy & company

  • Bad harvest in Europe related to the climate. Dryness in the South of the France.
  • the English benefit from the return to the independence of the kingdoms to strike the products Scot of heavy customs duties.
  • the share of the army corresponds into 1660 to the ¾ of the expenditure of the budget of the Ottoman Empire.
  • Russia: The massive emission of copper currency having even course which the silver money causes a strong inflation and an increased cost of living.

Births in 1660

Death in 1660

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

Easter Day

Be-X-old: 1660 Map-bms: 1660 Simple: 1660

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