1657

This page relates to the year 1657 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Freedom of worship with New Amsterdam.
the English admiral Robert Blake emapre of a Spanish fleet with Santa Cruz of Tenerife.

the Council of Quebec includes/understands from now on the governor, the public prosecutor, a director commercial of the furs and four advisers elected by the citizens of Quebec, Three-Rivers and Montreal.
Arrived of the Sulpiciens at Montreal.
the Company of Trade of the Brésil is nationalized. It is managed by the Junta the Commercial, which continues to pour a dividend with the shareholders.

Japan: Large fire of Edo (Tōkyō), known as “ the fire of Meireki ”. The city, very new, is built of wood and paper. More 100 000 people would have perished, and the cost of the rebuilding ruins the cases of the State.
China: The corsair ming Koxinga besieges Nankin vainly.
Thailand: Beginning of the reign of Phra Naraïn, king of the Siam (fine in 1688).

November: The emperor moghol Shah Jahan falls seriously sick. He indicates to succeed to him his oldest son Dârâ Shukûh. Its four sons dispute the succession.
Aurangzeb, successively governor of Gujerat, then of Balkh (Afghanistan) and of Dekkan revolts against his/her brothers and his father Shah Jahan.
the chief Marathe Shivaji and Adil Shah of Bîjâpur make their tender with the Moghols.
Oliver Cromwell confirms the privileges of the English Compagnie of the Eastern Indies. The company benefits from it to carry out, in addition to a marketing policy, a policy of acquisition of territories, fascinating advantage of the dissensions which ruin the country.

Ottoman Empire: Occupation of Lemnos and Tenedos by Mehmet Köprülü. Repression of the revolts in Anatolia, Syria and Egypt.

March 3rd: Military alliance enters France and the England of Cromwell against the Spain.
March 31st: The Humble Petition and Advice offers the crown of England to Oliver Cromwell.
Before disappearing (April 2nd), Ferdinand III had time to ensure his/her son junior surviving Léopold the crowns by Hungary and Bohemia, but not the title of king of the Romans who would have designated it as his successor with the empire. Mazarin dream one moment to remove the imperial crown with the Habsbourg, the profit of the king of Bavaria.
May 8th: Oliver Cromwell refuses the crown proposed by the new Parliament ( Humble Petition and Advice ). Its capacity is reinforced, a Upper House east creates and the protective Lord receives the possibility of designer his successor.
May 26th: Louis XIV, King de France, aspires to the crown of emperor of the Saint Germanic Roman Empire, by making application form officially, but it is the Germanic candidate - Léopold de Habsbourg - which will be elected, after it agreed to sign the conditions defined by the voters, the July 18th 1658.
August 6th: Died of the hetman of the Cossacks Zaporogue S Bogdan Khmelnitski.

Its successor, the hetman Ivan Vyhovsky, is a partisan of the Poland.
His/her Georges son hesitates between the Poland and the Russia and passes from one camp to the other. In fact, the country rus is divided: the Right Bank of the Dniepr to the Poland, the left bank in Russia, each of the two parts obeying a hetman.

Taken again Spanish offensive against the Portugal.
Seat and catch of Nagyvárad (Oradea), key of the Transylvania, by the Othoman . The October 25th, Georges II Rákóczy gives up the capacity.
the count Portia, tutor of Léopold Ier of the Holy roman Empire becomes Prime Minister.

Mars: The emperor Ferdinand III sends an army ordered by Montecuccoli to save Cracow. The Swedes are beaten in front of Dantzig.
June: The Russia, the Denmark and the Saint Germanic Empire Roman are combined to declare the war with the Sweden. Charles X Gustave of Sweden must withdraw its troops of Poland.
the Large-Voter of Brandebourg, combined of the Swedes, which covets the Large-Poland, is beaten by the hetman Polish Stefan Czarniecki.
the voter Frederic Guillaume Ier de Brandebourg stops supporting the Sweden after the intervention of the Denmark.
September 19th: Treaty of Welhau. Peace enters the Poland and the Brandebourg. Jean II Casimir Vasa must give up its suzerainty on the duchy of Prussia.

Russia: Black or popular council, convened by the archimandrite of Solovki. It decides fidelity with the old Books and addresses a petition to the tsar. Solovki becomes a center of fight against the reformers. The patriarch sends instructions in all the dioceses to recommend a more severe choice in the recruitment of the clerks.
India: The son of Shah Jahan, Dârâ Shukûh, is the author of a treaty in which he seeks to show the convergence of the Soufisme and of the Hindouisme.

Baltasar Gracián publishes the third part of the Criticón .
Kirchhofsgedanken poetries and Cardenic und Celinde , part, of Gryphius.
comic History of Cyrano of Bergerac.
Thought Christian of Cotin.
the Garden of the Greek roots of Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy.
History mahométane of Pierre Wattier.
Romance comic (2nd part), of Scarron.
Clovis or Christian France heroic poem of Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin which opens the Querelle of Old and Modern the while affirming, in the foreword superiority of Modern on the Old ones.
Practical of the theater of the Abbot of Aubignac.
Talks of Guez de Balzac.
the Satires of Boileau.

the German scientist Otto von Guericke shows that it is possible to make vacuum (Hémisphères of Magdeburg).
the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens invents the pendulum clock, which allows measurements the half-second.
Tractatus of ratiociniis in ludo aleae , treated of Huygens devoted to the mathematical aspect of the games of chance.
Blaise Pascal car of his relations with the marquis of Méré, large player, the bases of the calculation of the Probabilities.
Treated on the light of Fermat, which states the principle of less action, one of the principles founders of the Optique.
Historiae naturalis of avibus of John Jonston.

Colbert rationally organizes the national production under control of the State.
the budget deficit in England reaches 1,2 million £.

June 3rd: William Harvey, English doctor (1578 -1657). He discovered by the dissection the mechanism of small and large the Blood circulation and observed the development of the Embryon chicken and Fœtus of the mammals.
November 20th: Menasseh Ben Israel, with Middelbourg, editor, philosopher and Jewish theologist of Amsterdam (born in 1604 with Madeira).
David Bailly, Dutch painter, Leyde (° 1584).
Jean Riolan, doctor.

Be-X-old: 1657 Map-bms: 1657

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