1654

This page relates to the year 1654 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

  • January 21st: Beaten in 1649 with the Battle of Guararapes, the Dutchmen are expelled of Recife by the revolted Brazilian colonists. Many growers and Dutch traders settle in the Antilles. Three hundred Jews of the Dutch Brésil fix themselves at the Martinique where they develop the culture of the cane with sugar. Others are exiled with the Jamaica, with the Barbados, in Holland and News-Holland (New York).
  • May 20th: colonization of Tobago by the Duchy of Courlande.
  • August 22nd: Jacob Barsimson, which passes to be the first immigrant Jew in the New-World, unloads with the New Amsterdam ( New York ).
    • Arrived of the first Jews Séfarades (23 people) at New Amsterdam, fleeing the Brésil . Joined soon by Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam, they form the community K.K. Shearith Israel (“the remainder of Israel”).

  • the French are driven out island of the Tortoise by the Spaniards (1654-1655).
  • the English ships occupy the acadian territory , then populated of a French about sixty families (1654 - 1667).
  • Exploration of the Lake Michigan by Radisson and Currant bush (1654 - 1660).

Africa

  • the Second colonization of the island Bourbon by people of “bad company”.

Asia

  • the Portugal recognizes the rights of English to the trade in the East.

Europe

  • April 4th: Naval Victoire of the Order of Malta on the Othoman with Rhodos.
  • April 5th: Peace of Westminster between the England and the United Provinces, which recognize the Actes of Navigation of 1651.
  • April 9th: Constantin Basarab becomes voïévode of Valachie (fine in 1658).
  • May 13rd: Othoman naval Victoire on Venice with the Battle of Hellespont.
  • September 3rd, England: The republican deputies at the Parliament question Oliver Cromwell on its preeminence. The 12, this one orders the exclusion of those which are hostile for him.
    • Oliver Cromwell is surrounded by a Council of State and promises to return account as of its activities to the Parliament. It organizes the country in military districts, each one under the authority of a major general which has the role of instituting a moral reform and to prohibit the activities of leisure of the gentry (prohibition of the duels, horse-races and cockfights, closing of the coffees and houses of master key, balls and theaters, adultery is punished of death, etc).
  • October 12th: Explosion of the arsenal of Delft.
  • October: new forwarding with Naples of the duke of Own way to the head of a fleet. He takes the city but cannot be maintained. Return in France.
  • June 16th:
    • Abdication of Christine of Sweden to the Riksdag of Uppsala in favor of his/her cousin Charles-Gustave of Palatinat-Two-Bridge to convert with the Catholicism. It finishes its days with Rome in 1689.
    • Beginning of the reign of Charles X Gustave, king of Sweden (fine in 1660).

  • United Provinces: Act of exclusion drawing aside the princes d' Orange stathoudérat and command of the army (Jean de Witt).
  • Treated of Westminster between the Portugal and the England. The Portuguese commit themselves to release all the English merchants, to restore their goods and pouring allowances, without clause of reciprocity. The agreement opens the access of the English textiles to the Portuguese market and that of the English merchants with the products of the Brésil. England preserves the colonial territories acquired on the Portugal.
  • Rising of Glencairn in Scotland.

France

See also: 1654 in France

  • February 21st: Marriage of the niece of the cardinal Mazarin, Anne Marie Martinozzi, with the prince de Conti, which seals the reconciliation between Conti and the Court, after the disorders of the Sling.
  • March 24th: Condé is condemned to died by the Parliament.
  • March 28th: Retz sign its resignation of archbishop of Paris. It is transferred to Nantes (March 30th) from where it escapes the August 8th and embarks for the Spain. Its general vicar, Chassebran, hidden in a tower of Saint-Jean-in-Strike, poke the secular clergy against Mazarin (Arnaud d' Andilly, Claude Jolly…).
  • April 1st: Stability of the currency which does not undergo any devaluation until the December 31st 1689.
  • June 7th: Crown Louis XIV with Rheims.
  • August 23rd: Battle of Arras: the Large Cop and the Spaniards are pushed back by Turenne.

Poland & Russia

  • May: Intervention of the Russians in Poland at the sides of the Cossacks Zaporogue S of Ukraine, led by the hetman Bogdan Khmelnitski.

  • July: The Poles are combined with the Tatars of the Crimea. Russian besieges Smolensk.
  • July 1st: Catch of Nevel by the Russians.
  • July 17th: Catch of Polatsk by the Russians.
  • August 23rd: Emigrants small-russiens fleeing the Poland found Kharkov.
  • September 13rd: Meeting of the Ukraine to the Moscovie at the assembly of Perejaslav (close to Kiev). The agreements of Perejaslav between the Russia and the Cosaques Zaporogue S place the country rus under the authority of Moscow. The number of the Cossacks remains limited to six thousand. They elect their chiefs and their judges. The council of war of the army (the Rada), indicates the Hetman, which has broad freedoms to conclude from possible alliances, but lends oath of fidelity to the tsar. The Russian civils servant intervene only for the lifting of the tax. The Cossacks obtain a quasi total independence. They carry out operations combined with the Russians in White Russia, in Lithuania, while Bogdan Khmelnitski occupies Chełm and goes on Łwow. But the tsar Alexis Ier, tried by the throne of Poland, concluded a truce in 1656.
  • September 23rd: The Russians occupy Smolensk and go on Wilno (taken the July 31st 1655).
  • November 17th: Vitebsk is taken by the Russians.

  • Plague in Russia. In certain areas, mortality reaches 85% of the population.
  • Beginning of the polono-Swedish war (fine in 1660).
  • Foundation of the fortified town of Nertchinsk in Siberia.

Religion

  • catholic Reform in Austria.
  • the the Commonwealth of England sets up a Church of State, hostile with the Anglicans and the catholics, but tolerant with the sects which admit the puritan ideas. This progression of intransigent Protestantism with supports the elimination of illiteracy and the education of the population.
  • In Russia, Nikita Nikon joins together a new council and obtains a unanimous vote ordering of new corrections of the holy Books and a judgment of the sign of cross with the two fingers.
  • the preacher cabalist Séfarade Shabbetaï Zevi is driven out by the rabbis of the community of Smyrna for its distorsions with the Law. Depressive, he says himself continued by demons. He wanders through the Greece and the Thrace, wife a roller of Torah to Salonique from where he is driven out, proclaims the abolition of the command with Constantinople, visit the Places saint (1662), then lives with the Cairo where he marries a male prostitute Ashkénaze name of Sara. In April 1665, it goes to Gaza to meet Nathan Benjamin Levi, known as Nathan of Gaza, which recognizes it like the Messie. Shabbetaï Zevi, initially skeptic, publicly state to be the Messiah the May 31st 1666 (cf 1666).
  • with Thuin, in Belgium, foundation of the procession dedicated to Holy Roch (Steps of the Between-Sambre-and-Meuse), celebrated 3rd Sunday of May.

Art & culture

Literature and theater

  • Appearance of the Invaluable in France.
  • Lucifer , of Joost van den Vondel.
  • the Second Defense , lampoon of John Milton.
  • Memorial of Blaise Pascal, which is withdrawn with Port-Royal.
  • French Rhetoric of Rene Bary.
  • the Death of Agrippine , tragedy of Cyrano of Bergerac is presented to the Hôtel of prohibited Burgundy then.
  • Clélie , novel of Miss de Scudéry (10 vol., 1654 - 1661).
  • Alaric or overcome Rome , poem epic of Georges de Scudéry.
  • Cyrano of Bergerac, various Works .

  • to distract the prince from Conti which is at that time of facetious mood, Bussy writes the Carte of the country of Braquerie .

See also: 1654 with the theater

Music

  • Foundation of the Opera of Naples.

Painting and architecture

  • the Man with the glove , portrait of Frans Halls.
  • Bethsabée with the bath , fabric of Rembrandt.
  • Murillo painted Children of the streets .
  • In France, the Academy of painting and sculpture receives the right to be entitled Royal Académie.

  • Sweat works for the Abbaye of Marmoutier.

Science & technology

Economy & company

Births in 1654

Death in 1654

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :
    • , sculptor.

Easter Day

Be-X-old: 1654 Map-bms: 1654 Simple: 1654

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