1652

This page relates to the year 1652 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

May 18th: The Rhode Island adopts a law to prohibit the Esclavage, the first in North America; the traders of Providence and Newport continue the trade of the slaves with other colonies.

Rébellions against the quitrent , perpetual revenues due to the lord, in the Maryland (five between 1652 and 1689).
Brazil: The Jésuite António Vieira sometimes happens at the Maranhão with a royal order to free all the Indians, which unchains the general rising of the Portuguese, including monks not Jesuits.

Africa

April 6th: The Dutchmen found the colony of the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa for the Compagnie Dutchwoman of the Eastern Indies.

Two hundred Dutchmen led by Jan van Riebeeck settle in the Cape. Safe from a fort, they cultivate cereals and introduce the horse. The inhabitants of the Cape and its immediate surroundings give each other the name of free burghers (middle-class free). The Company mother exerts a strict monopoly on the exchanges, but the colonists found a patriarchal and biblical life, giving each other the name of country people to flee mercantile civilization, the Boers.
the relationship between the Boer S, the Hottentots, the Xhosa S and the Cafre S is bad, the last not obeying the same laws on the exchange and the property. For Hottentots, the ground does not belong to nobody, and one could “defend it” by a palisade. For Xhosas, a cow cannot be exchanged against an inanimate object. The use is to restore, in the exchange, one of the kids of the female, the cow being used as pledge. Thus getting animals at Xhosas, Boers are surprised and furious to see them disappearing, removed as soon as they put low.

Mozambique: The Monomotapa of the Karanga Mavoura Mhandé converts with Catholicism, but its power declines, because its vassal is detached little by little from him. Under the reign of its successor Siti Karurukumusapa (1652 - 1666), which takes the name of Dom Domingos after its baptism, the situation becomes critical for the Portuguese.

Beginning of the reign of Kaladjan Coulibaly (Royaume will bambara of Ségou) until in 1682.

Asia

March 24th - April 3rd: Sit of Achansk: First confrontation Russo-Chinese on the Love following the countryside of Yerofey Khabarov (1649 -1651).

most of the China is joined together under the Manchu capacity.
Lozang Gyatso, Ve Dalaï Lama (Tibet) goes to Beijing. It becomes spiritual guide of the emperor of China which offers to him in return its protection temporal.
Foundation of Irkoutsk in Siberia.

Europe

April: The Rump proclaims the union of the England and the Scotland.
May 12th: Rendering of Galway in Ireland.
May 18th: The Spaniards take Gravelines.
May 29th: Naval action of Goodwin Sands between Blake and Tromp close to Dover.
July 17th: Guerre enters England and the United Provinces (fine in 1654). The war being officially declared (the July 10th by the Rump Parliament), the combat in Manche multiply.
August 12th: The ground of the provinces of Leinster, of Munster and Ulster in Ireland is distributed to the creditors of the Parliament and the veterans. An Act of Establishment orders the deportation of the Irishmen of stock in the counties of Connaught and Clare, and the distribution of the grounds between the 12 000 veterans of the English army.
August 26th: The English admiral George Ayscue attacks in Handle (Plymouth) a Dutch convoy ordered by Michiel de Ruyter.
October 8th: English Victoire of Kentish Knock in front of the mouth of the the Thames.
October 9th: the England enters in war with the United Provinces.
October: The French troops evacuate the Italy North and the Catalogne.
October 10th: Catch of Barcelona. The Castilians re-occupy Barcelona with the favor of the Fronde.
December 10th: The Dutchmen are victorious of the English with Dungeness.

the practice of the liberum veto is recognized in Poland. By granting a right to veto with all the deputies, it reinforces a system of anarchistic government which makes pass the private interests of the nobility before those of the State. The Diet is broken by the veto of the deputy of Upita, Ladislas Sicinski, with the incentive of the prince Janus Radziwill (rupture caused by the disorders in Ukraine). On 55 Diets held of 1652 with 1704, 48 dissolve before to have completed their work.
Bogdan Khmelnitski goes to Moscow, meets Alexis Ier of Russia, and asks him to attach the Ukraine to the Russia.
Ukase widening military recruitment with new social categories in Russia.
Bankruptcy in Spain.
Bubonic plague in Sardinia.

France

Religion

February 19th: At the request of the Republic of Venice, Venetian Pietro Ottoboni (future Pope Alexandre VIII) is created Cardinal by the Pape Innocent X.
May: Vision of George Fox in Pendle Hill (Lancashire), regarded as the date of the spiritual foundation of future the Company of the Friends.
: Nikita Nikon (1605 - 1681) becomes patriarch of Moscow (fine in 1658). Near to the tsar Alexis Ier, it obtains any authority as regards religious reform and makes revise the translations of the Scriptures what causes the opposition of the “old believers” directed by Avvakoum.

Art & culture

April 4th: Francoise d' Aubigné (future Mrs. de Maintenon) wife for financial reasons the poet Paul Scarron being thus integrated into a brilliance network literary (Madam de Sévigné and Madam of Fayette).
Madeleine de Scudéry opens a literary living room, the Saturdays of Miss de Scudéry (Montausier, Rochefoucauld, Madam of Fayette, Madam de Sévigné, Conrart, Chapelain, Pellisson).
Dispersion of the Library Mazarine by the slingers.
Creation of the Academy of Caen by Jacques Bracing of Brieux.

Christian Morals , of Amyraut (1652-1660).
Christian Socrate , test of Guez de Balzac.
Relation containing the history of the French Academy of Pellisson.
Relation of the civil wars of France of Rochefoucauld.
States and Empires of the Sun of Cyrano of Bergerac.

Births in 1652

April 7th: Lorenzo Corsini, future pope under the name of Clement XII, known as Clemens duodecimus, in Florence.
May 4th: Kangxi 康熙 (name of reign) or Xuányè 玄晔 (personal name), Chinese Emperor of the Dynasty Qing, which had the longest reign of the history of China, of 1661 with 1722. († December 22nd 1722).

Death in 1652

January 30th: Georges Dumesnil of the Tower, French painter, with Lunéville.
February 17th Gregorio Allegri, type-setter.
March 13rd: Claude Bouthillier, which had been superintendent of finances under Louis XIII, husband this Marie de Bragelogne, or Bragelonne.
April 5th: Jean-Pierre Camus (1582 -1652), bishop of Belley, novelist.
April 21st: Pietro della Valle known as Pellegrino , Exploring adventurer and Italian of the 17th century. (° April 2nd 1586).
May 10th: Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duke and marshal of the Force, born about 1559.
June 21st: , English architect (1573 -1652).
July 8th: Mrs. de Rhodes who would have been upset by learning the danger to which was exposed her father-in-law, the Marshal of Hospital to the day of the straws .
July 18th: Paolo Mancini, a nephew of Mazarin in which this one placed much hope is wounded with death, the 2, with the battle of the Saint-Anthony door.
July 30th: The duke of Nemours is killed in duel by his brother-in-law, the duke of Beaufort.
August 9th: Duke of Bubble which played a big role in the Fronde.
August 10th: At two years, of the duke of Valois, only son of Gaston of Orleans. It was very counterfeited and abnormal mentally. He did not speak nor did not go at two years.
August 14th: Abraham Elzevier (1592 -1652), nephew of Bonaventure, bookseller and printer with Leyde.
September 2nd: Jusepe de Ribera, painter and Spanish engraver, with Naples.
October: Clement Metezeau, French architect (1581 -1652).
October 1st: François Nicolas Baudot, sior Dubuisson-Aubenay, author of the Newspaper of the civil wars (1648-1652) , which tells the Sling with the daily newspaper, of the continuations of a pneumonia.
October 11th: Leon Bouthillier de Chavigny, father of Claude deceased on March 13rd, at the 44 years age. Condé showed it to have betrayed it. He would have died of emotion following the torrent of insults of this prince.
November 7th: Charlotte-Marie of Lorraine, young lady of Chevreuse at 25 years. Girl of the duchess, mistress of Gondi, promised a time in pledge of reconciliation to Conti.

Bonaventure Elzévir (1583 -1652), uncle d' Abraham, bookseller and printer with Leyde.

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