1651

This page relates to the year 1651 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

• July 26th: The Iroquois attack the Hôtel-Dieu Jeanne Mance with Montreal.
• the Maine becomes part of the Massachusetts.
• Jean de Lauzon becomes governor of News-France.

The Atlantic

• the English occupy the Île Grey waxbill.

Asia

• June 8th: Tokugawa Ietsuna becomes Shogun Japan (fine in 1680).
• Conspiracy of Rōnin to the Japan. They are soldiers who are without employment, and which tries, fault of being made hear differently, to kill the men with the capacity and to replace them in all the big cities (in particular with Edo, Kyōto and Ōsaka). The operation fails, and nonthe use of the Rōnin will be solved by ageing then the death of the men concerned. The Bakufu day before consequently to avoid the creation of rōnin by the abrupt and not compensated suppression official loads.

• the Mandchous seize Canton. The emperor Ming Yong-Li takes refuge in Burma. The emperor Chouen-tche, 15 years old assumes the load of the capacity directly.

• the Russians base the fort of Albazin on the Amour by Yerofey Khabarov.

Europe

• Bad harvest in Europe related to the climate. Radoucissement of the climate and grape harvest early or average in France (1651 - 1686, except 1672 - 1675).

• 28 - June 30th: New defeat of the Zaporogue S with the Battle of Berestechko, in Ukraine.
• 8 - July 10th: Venetian naval Victoire on the Othomans in the Cyclades.
• September 28th: Bogdan Khmelnitski sign the treated of Bielaïa-Tserkov with the Poland.

• Jacquerie in Poland.
• Russianization and forced conversion of the khanats Tatars (fine in 1656).
• the emperor Ferdinand III renews and extends measurements against the not-catholics in Austria and in the Czech countries.

British Isles

• January 1st: Charles II, wire of Charles Ier of England is proclaimed king with Scone by the Scot covenantaires. He tries to invade the England.
• August: In the name of Protestant solidarity, Oliver Cromwell proposes a fusion of the United Provinces and England in only one nation in the the Commonwealth . The Dutchmen refuse in October.
• September 3rd: Battle of Worcester, during which the troops of Oliver Cromwell inflict a defeat with Charles II, which is exiled in France.
• July 20th: Battle of Inverkeithing, last battles of the Third English civil war. Constrained Cromwell the Scot to be linked with the the Commonwealth .
• October 9th: “ Navigation act ”; British act of navigation intended to limit the commercial power of the United Provinces. The goods imported into England owe the being either by an English ship, or by the importing country. This act is at the origin of the first naval war anglo-Dutchwoman (fine in 1654).

France

See also: 1651 in France

• January/ February: The parliamentary Fronde approaches the Fronde of the princes. The Parliament request the exile of Mazarin (February 2nd), which had compared the slingers to the English revolutionists (January 31st), with the indignation of Gaston of Orleans, general Lieutenant of the kingdom, which legitimates the assembly of the nobility (February 6th - March). This one produced a Acte of union and wishes the meeting of the General states, the respect of the right and that is taken into account the provincial elites, which displeases with the Parlement of Paris.

• February 6th - December 24th: Exile of Mazarin which leaves Paris disguised in the night of the 6 - February 7th.
• 9 - February 10th: Crowd invades the Palais Royal. The slingers treat the king and his family as a prisoner. Mazarin is constrained to slacken Condé and to be withdrawn with Brühl in the Rhineland (February 13rd).
• February 16th: The princes enter Paris triumphantly. Condé takes the head of the Fronde.
• Mars: The assembly of the nobility is dissolved under the pressure of the Parlement, Gaston of Orleans and even Condé.
• (March 6th): Turenne is reconciled with the Court. The king forgives him.
• April: Anne of Austria dismisses Châteauneuf and gives the seals to Molé, royalist and moderate. Competitions appear between Condé and Gondi and between noble and parliamentary.
• May: Gondi approaches the regent then lack to be assassinated (he says) at the time of a dispute with Rochefoucauld (August 21st).
• September 7th: Louis XIV (13 years) is declared major by the Parlement of Paris, which closes the way with the convocation of the General states and finishes regency.
• Condé must leave Paris. It joined Of Bordeaux Ormée and is combined to the Spaniards (September 27th). It opens the hostilities in Saintonge (October 8th). The royal army takes Cognac and La Rochelle (November 27th). Condé moves back beyond the Charente then of the the Dordogne. Victoire of Hocquincourt on the slingers with the Bridge-of-C.
• December 6th: Riots with Paris.
• the king points out Mazarin (December 13rd) which arrives at Sedan with a small army (December 24th). The Parlement puts its head at price (December 29th).

• the Burgundy increases Charolais.

Religion

• Of 1651 with 1673, the three courts of the Inquisition of the Portugal condemn 184 victims to be “released in person” (given in the hands of the secular capacity for their execution), 59 in effigy and 4793 to make penitence (lowers two thirds of the annual average compared to the previous period).

Art & culture

• Baltasar Gracián publishes the first part of the Criticón .
• Publication of the first part of the comic Romance , of Scarron.
• the Defense of the English people , lampoon of John Milton.
• Léviathan , treated political philosophy, of Thomas Hobbes. It defends the theses of the absolute monarchy there.
• Theory on the nature of the design , William Harvey.
• Nicomède , and Pertharite , Tragedy S of Pierre Corneille. The failure of this last part pushes Corneille to be given up for several years the theater.

See also: 1641 with the theater

• Lapidation of saint Etienne , fabric of Charles Le Brun.
• the Communion of the apostles , fabric of Ribera.
• a devouring dog of the game , fabric of Jan Fyt.

• Palate Czermin of Prague, built by Francesco Caratte.
• the Fountain of the Four-Rivers, of Gian Lorenzo Bernini, is inaugurated with Rome.

Births in 1651

• August 6th: Fénelon ( François de Pons de Salignac of Mothe-Fénelon ), man of the church and writer French, archbishop of Cambric. († the January 7th 1715).

Death in 1651

• March 14th: Rene de Rieux, bishop of Leon, first Commendatory abbot of Daoulas of 1600 with 1651.

• March 18th: Gerald Seghers, Flemish painter (1591 -1651).
• April 8th: Léonor d' Estampes or of Stamps of Valencay, died with Paris, initially bishop of Chartres, then archbishop-duke of Rheims, abbot of Bourgueil and Saint Martin's day of Pontoise.
• July 14th: Died of Rene de Voyer d' Argenson, diplomat become priest.
• September 24th: Etienne Pascal, father of Blaise. The October 17th, Pascal writes the Lettre on the death of his/her father.
• December 15th: Virginia Centurione Bracelli, Holy catholic Italy, founder of two religious congregations. (° April 2nd 1587).

Easter Day

• April 9th: Easter Sunday

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