1637

This page relates to the year 1637 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

January 17th: Earthquake with Mexico City.
May 26th: The captain John Mason attacks a village Pequot on the Mystic River, making more than 600 victims.

War against Pequots in New England (Connecticut). Almost total extermination of the tribe. The English avoid direct confrontation and massacre the civil populations.
the English offer a premium on handing-over of the scalp for any killed Indian.

the first American Slave trader, Desired the , leaves Marblehead for the African coast.

the Dutchmen take to the Portuguese Recife with the Brésil.
January 23rd: Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen becomes stathouder of Recife (end in May 1644). It takes internal measures to restore the situation which had been degraded. It improves the law and order, hygiene, ensures the freedom of conscience, deals with the provisioning, creates a civil militia, starts again the sugar economy. To mitigate the shortage of black slaves, it sends in Africa a fleet which seizes the Portuguese fortress of São Jorge da Mina (August).

Maurice de Nassau makes build Mauricia, a Recife news which accommodates the easy tradesmen and the senior officials. It is surrounded artists (the Post brothers), scientists (Piso and Marcgraf) and technicians.
Maurice de Nassau encourages immigration towards Dutch Brazil. It brings with him a colony of Juifs and Marranes of Ibérie which organizes the trade of sugar and the tobacco.

August: The Dutchmen take Elmina with the Portuguese. They seize all the Portuguese stations on the coast of Gold (Ghana) between 1637 and 1642.
First missionaries French with Assinie in Ivory Coast.

December 17th: Beginning of the Rebellion of Shimabara, revolt known as " chrétienne" with Shimabara, in the island of the Kyushu, close to Nagasaki, with the Japan (fine in 1638).

In the south of Japan, of tens of thousands of peasants including one most of Christians revolt against persecutions of the Daimyo. Amakusa Shirô (1612-1638), wire of a Christian Daimyo carried out, takes the head of a troop of revolted farmers and many Rōnin, left for account of the administration. The Shogun sends an army of 200 000 men reinforced by guns lent by Dutchmen. The fortress of Shimabara is taken and 37 000 men, women and children are massacred (April 14th 1638).

the Japan adopts an isolationist policy. It is interdict with the Japanese to leave abroad and the abroads to penetrate with the Japan.
Grande revolt of the Korea against the occupant Mandchou, who is driven out peninsula, then reconquers it also quickly. The crown prince to the throne of the Choson must remain as an hostage at the court of the Qing.
Revolt of Li Zicheng (1605 - 1645) in China, with the head of the peasants of the Shanxi and the Henan (fine in 1644).
Beginning of the reign of Surinyavongsa, king of the Laos (fine in 1694).

February 5th: in Holland, bursting of the Speculative bubble known as “Tulipomanie”.
February 15th: Beginning of the reign of Ferdinand III, Germanic Roman Emperor (fine in 1657).
February: The French fleet unloads troops in the kingdom of Naples in Oristano.
May 5th: The Grison of Georg Jenatsch (converted with Catholicism), helped by the Spaniards, force Rohan to withdraw Valteline.
12 - May 14th: France takes again the islands of Lérins to the Spaniards.

July 23rd: Imposition with the Scotland of the Book of prayer and the episcopal hierarchy. Riots with Edinburgh against the liturgy laudienne. Charles Ier of England lance its troops against the refractories, which undergo one humiliating demolished.
August 2nd: Set fire to abbey of Orval, located in current the Walloon province of Luxembourg in Belgium, by Swedish troops with the service of the France and those of the marshal of Châtillon.
August 21st: Insurrection known as of Manuelinho, left insane the village, against a Spanish civil servant with Evora, with the Portugal. It is spread in the south of the country. Crowd calls upon the duke of Bragance, which pretexts a disease and is prudently satisfied to introduce his/her three years old son to the window of its palate of Viçosa Villa. The revolt is finally repressed by Spanish quotas sent in Alentejo and Algarve.
September 13rd: Ladislas IV Vasa wife the archduchess Cécilia Renata.
September 28th: Battle of Leucate.
October 7th: Died of the duke of Savoy. Regency of Christine of France, sister of Louis XIII.
October 11th: Catch of Breda. A Dutch combined operation (Henri de Nassau) and Frenchwoman (Valetta d' Épernon; first exploits of Turenne) to the Netherlands makes it possible the two allied ones to obtain specific successes on the Spaniards with Landrecies and Breda. Henri de Nassau immobilizes the troops of the Cardinal-Infant.

February 3rd: Reconciliation of Louis XIII and Gaston of Orleans.
April: Revolt Crunching in Périgord. The army of the “communes” is led by an obscure gentleman named The-Mothe-The-Forest.
June 1st: The army represses the revolt of Crunching which is massacred on their barricades with the Sauvetat-with Eymet.
Business of the Spanish letters (secret correspondence of the queen Anne of Austria, which acknowledges). The king forgives it (August).
Revolt in Languedoc.
December: The father Caussin, confessor of the king, tries to influence it in favor of peace with the Spain. The cardinal manages to dismiss it.
Richelieu removes the provincial States of the Dauphiné.

Establishment of a Hebraic university, Ets Haïm , “the Tree of Life” to Amsterdam.
June 8th: Rene Descartes publishes the Discourse on Method .

January 5th, first representation of the Cid of Pierre Corneille, with the Theater of the Marsh.
Quarrel of Cid: Feelings of the Academy on Cid of Jean Chaplain. Observations on Cid of Georges de Scudéry.

415 000 inhabitants with Paris.
the net income of the French State passes to 42 million books per annum between 1637 and 1656, with points with 63 or 70 (26 in 1600 - 1636).
Rise of the prices due to the food shortage in Germany.
Foundation of the bank of Venice by the fusion of the banco del Rialto (1590) and of the banco del Giro (1616).

June 1st: Father Jacques Inlays, Explorateur and missionary Jésuite French, discoverer of the the Mississippi with Louis Jolliet. († May 18th 1675).
November 30th: Louis-Sebastien the Dwarf of Tillemont, writer and Playwright French
December 7th: Bernardo Pasquini, Italian musician

February 15th: the emperor Ferdinand II.
March 19th: Peter Pázmány, cardinal and archbishop of Esztergom (Hungary), holding writer of the Counter-Reformation (1570 -1637).
October 7th: Victor-Amédée Ier of Savoy
June 24th: Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, erudite French, with Aix-en-Provence (1580 -1636), astronomer, who discovered the Nébuleuse of Orion (1610), observed the first Mercure in full day and drew up the first chart of the the Moon with Gassendi (engraved in 1636).
August 6th: Ben Jonson

Horace the White, Lyons painter.
Honami Kōetsu (1558 -1637), calligrapher, painter, ceramist, Japanese decorator who created a village of craftsmen close to Kyôto and founded the school of art Rimpa.

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