1613

This page relates to the year 1613 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

  • the Portuguese, anxious of the French presence in the Maranhão, found the port of Camocin close to Saint-Louis. The governor of the Brésil Gaspar de Souza settles with Olinda (Pernambouc) for better organizing the operations which lead to a French defeat and the signature of peace. The French having broken it in 1614, Saint-Louis are occupied (November 19th 1614).

Africa

  • March 23rd: The admiral Dutch Pieter Willemsz Verhoeff ( Pierre-Guillaume Veruff ), of return of Java, made stopover with the Meeting and baptizes the still uninhabited island England' S forest .

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

    • the kingdom of Cassange, in Angola, would have been founded by some Kasanje, nephew of the chief Lounda Kingouri. Drawn aside the capacity, it would have left towards the east with its warriors in the territory the cannibals Jaga. The mixture of the two tribes is at the origin of the people Imbangala of which a part directed by Kasanje would have formed the kingdom of Cassange.

    • the Négus of Ethiopia Sousnéyos is joined the Latin Church.

      • the large ones of Ethiopia join of number with the faith of the Jésuites which knew to make available the religion by expressing it in the language from the people, which makes progress architecture and crowned painting. The political action of the last métropolites Copte S and the relaxation of their manners, which are opposed to the rigor and science Jesuits, complete to convince them.

    • Marrakech is taken by the partisans of a marabout of Tafilalet, but the sultan Moulay Zidan manages to reconquer his capital.

Asia

  • the emperor Moghol Jahângîr authorizes the East India Company to install a permanent counter with Surat, in the gulf of Khambhat, in the west of the India. It becomes the seat of the East India Company (fine in 1668).
  • Beginning of the reign of Agung, sultan of Mataram (fine in 1645). It tries to dislodge the Dutchmen of Java but fails twice.
  • the Dutch traders unload with Timor, close to Kupang. They oblige the Portuguese to be folded up in the north and the east of the island.
  • Vietnam: Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên, governor of Huế, gives up the cause of the the and is proclaimed independent (end in 1625).

Europe

  • January 20th: Treaty of Knäred; peace enters the Sweden and the Denmark negotiated by Axel Oxenstierna. Sweden obtains the free access to the Sund but must pay an exorbitant price to recover its fort of Älvsborg (Fort of Nya Elfsborg) on the North Sea, taken by Denmark two years before. Christian IV of Denmark gives up its claims on the Swedish crown. Gustave II Adolphe of Sweden puts an end to its claims of a tax nature on the Lapons.
  • February 14th: Elisabeth of England wife Frederic V of Palatinat against the opinion of his/her mother Anne of Denmark.
  • October 23rd: Gabriel Bethlen is elected prince of Transylvania (fine in 1629).
    • the prince of Transylvania Gabriel Báthory causes by its excesses the anger of the barons, Saxon, the Rumanian voïévodes and the Porte. Gábor Bethlen takes refuge with Andrinople to obtain the assistance of the Sultan. He turns over to Transylvania with the assistance of a Turkish army. In October, it is elected prince after the Turkish commander convened the Diet, enjoignant the election of Bethlen to him. This one must give the fort of Lippa (Lipova) to the Turks.
    • Gábor Bethlen inaugurates “the old one of gold” of Transylvania. It supports the prosperity of its subjects to guarantee the tax entries. Vast domanial properties are recovered with the profit of the State and the detriment of the barons. The states collaborate with the capacity and the trade is regularized. Urban civilization develops, the state education reached a level without precedent, and the princely court exempts a certain luxury.
  • October 25th: Sir Edward Coke is named Chief Justice at the court of the Bench of the king Jacques Ier of England.
  • November 19th: Concino Concini becomes Marshal of France.

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :
  • Guerre enters the Sweden and the Russia (fine in 1617).
  • Venice combat the Uscoques, pirate Bosnians protected by the house from Austria (end in 1617).
  • political Hegemony of the Protestants in Ireland, who account for 5% of the population: Parliament of Dublin account 132 Protestants for 100 catholics.
  • Meeting of the synod of the reformed Churches of France with Toinneins.

Russia

  • Ladislas Vasa does not give up its claims on the Russian throne and Philarète, father of the tsar, remains prisoner of the Poles.
  • Polish Incursions close to Mojaïsk, Kalouga and Toula.
  • At the conclusion of the “Time of the Disorders”, the Russia and ruined, disorganized and mutilated by the invasion Polonaise. She lost about half of her population. That of Moscow with dropped of 33%.

Art & culture

  • June 11th: Construction of the church of the Carmelite friars with Paris.

  • Between 1613 and 1650, Madam de Rambouillet animates, in its Parisian hotel, one of most brilliant the literary living rooms of the time (Condé, Montausier, Richelieu, Madam of Fayette, Madam de Sévigné, the duchess of Longueville, Madam de Sablé, Benserade, Jean Chapelain, Vincent Voiture, Guez de Balzac, Madeleine and Georges de Scudéry,…).
  • Treated orders and simple dignities of Charles Loyseau.
  • Monteverdi becomes Choirmaster of Saint-Marc of Venice.
  • the Annunciation , fabric of Louis Finsonius.

See also: 1613 with the theater

Science & technology

  • December 21st: Galileo, attacked by holding of the Géocentrisme answers by the Lettere copernicane . It places above the authority of the Bible the scientific truth.

  • Construction of the ship San Juan Bautista , one of the first ocean liners Japanese built in a European style, by the Daimyō Masamune Dates, in the north of the Japan.

Economy & company

  • Foundation of the Dutch Company of North .

  • the Parliament of Dijon tries to maintain prohibition to import in Burgundy the wines of the valley of the the Rhone and the Languedoc.
  • Short treaty on the causes which insert of abundance gold and the money in a kingdom , of Serra.
  • Treated political economy , of Antoine de Montchrestien.

Births in 1613

  • December 15th: François VI of Rochefoucauld, duke of Rochefoucauld, French writer, author of the “ Sentences and Maximes morals ” and of the “ Memories ”, which was one of the large actors of the Fronde. († March 17th 1660).

Death in 1613

Easter Day

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