1578

This page relates to the year 1578 Calendrier Julien.

Events

America

Africa

The Maghreb

  • Forwarding of Sebastien Ier of Portugal against the Al-Mansour Moors to the Morocco with 17000 men and 600 ships to protect chair them Portuguese against the push of the kingdom of the Morocco.
  • August 4th: Battle of the Three Kings to Ksar to el-Kébir. Died of Sebastien Ier of Portugal.
    • Don Sebastien of Portugal unloads with Asilah, but the troops of Abd el-Malik are victorious with the battle of Wadi el-Makhazin, also called battles of Ksar to el-Kébir (Bataille of the Three Kings). Indeed, three sovereigns die during the combat. Gift Sebastien and el-Mottaouakkil are drowned, and Abd el-Malik dies of disease. His/her brother Ahmed is proclaimed sultan on the battle field. He takes the Al-Mansur name (the victorious one) and founds the dynasty Saadien which does not reach its apogee under its reign. He makes reign the order with an army of mercenaries (renegade, Turks…) (end of reign in 1603).
    • 8  000 Portuguese is killed, 10 with 20  000 are made prisoners, a hundred can gain Tangier and transport the news to Lisbon.
    • the victory of the wadi el-Makhazin increases the prestige of the Morocco and enriches its sovereign, who seized important spoils and which receive many ransoms in exchange of the freedom of the prisoners of war Portuguese. Al-Mansur car also of the incomes of the race by supporting the corsairs of Salted and Reduction. Commercial exchanges take place with the Spain, the England, the Ottoman Empire and to a lesser extent, with the France.

Ethiopia

  • Countryside striking down of the Négus Sarsa-Dengel against the governor of Striped the Yésahq, combined with the Turks. It emerges in Tembién and beats Turks and Tigréens with Addi-Qoro. Yésahq and the Pasha is killed. The fortress of Débaroa, held by the Turks, goes without resistance. Sarsa-Dengel can celebrate with Aksoum the ceremonies of crowning, that no king had been able to achieve since Zara Yacoub, and receives the name of Malak-Sagad (the Kings have it Adoré).
  • Malak-Sagad sets out again towards the Lac Tanned. It pushes back the Galla which arrived until Démbéya, then guerroie twice against the Falacha, which resist until the death top of their escarpments (ambas) of the Sémién, from where they precipitate rather than to go. It goes towards the Sudan and overcomes nilotic tribes of Chanqalla, up to that point unsubdued. It confirms its authority on the prosperous kingdom of Enarya by establishing Christianity to with it. Their king Badanço is made baptize with all his people.

Asia

  • Introduction in Mongolia by the Mongolian prince Altan Khan of the Lamaïsme Tibetan of the yellow sect (Bouddhisme reformed at the 14th century which is opposed to Buddhism of the red sect). The chief of the Church Tibetan, Sonam Gyatso is invited in Mongolia, close to Koukou-NOR, to organize the Mongolian Church (1577). Altan Khan converted in 1578, and the princes and the people follow his example rather quickly. It grants to the third abbot sect of the yellow Bonnets with Drepung, Sonam Gyatso, the title of Dalai Lama of the Mongolian khanat (dalaï means “vastness of the ocean”). It enters in conflict with the Karmapa, chief of the school of the Kagyüpa, for the control of the temporal power to the Tibet.

  • the Uzbek take again Samarkand.

  • the China account 60  692  000 inhabitants.

The Middle East

  • Taken Kars and of Tiflis in Georgia by the Othoman .
  • Beginning of the reign of the sévévide Muhammad Khudabanda in Persia.

Europe

Saint Worsens

  • the archduke Charles widens the edict of pacification of 1572 (freedom of worship) to the middle-class men of Styrie. The diet publishes the declaration of Bruck-year-DER-Wall, reproducing all the concessions made by the archduke since 1570. The catholic party and the chancellor Wolfgang Schranz react by a text excluding the middle-class men.
  • Prohibition of the worship Lutheran to Vienna.
  • Nassau, Bremen, Anhalt, Hesse, Schleswig, Deux-Ponts becomes States calvinists between 1578 and 1600.

France

Art & culture

  • May 31st: The Christian Catacombes are redécouvertes with Rome

  • catholic Academy of Vilno.

  • Ahmed Al Mansur makes build with Marrakech the palate of Badi.
  • Giacomo della Porta completes the monumental staircase of the place of the capitole with Rome.

Literature

  • the English playwright John Lyly written Euphues or anatomy of the spirit (Romance).

Science & technology

  • Canon mathematicus , of François Viète (1540 - 1603), which invents the application of the Algèbre to the Géométrie.
  • the Flemish geographer Gerardus Mercator publishes the second section of sound Atlas

Economy & company

  • Improvement of the tax authorities in France: creation of the general offices treasurers of France in the capitals of general information.
  • regular Commercial relations between Antwerp and ports of the White Sea.

Births in 1578

Death in 1578

Be-X-old: 1578 Map-bms: 1578 Simple: 1578

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