1531

This page relates to the year 1531 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Ahmed Gragne takes again the offensive against the Ethiopia. Thanks to the Turkish firearms, it succeeds, in two years, to control the three quarters of the country: it occupies the Daouaro and the Choa, the Amhara and the Lasta, subject in the passing Bali, Hadya and Sidamo and erase the Christendom of Cambata. It devastates the Ethiopian top-plates, burns the churches, plunders the cities and the monasteries. Only the provinces of the Striped , Bégameder and the Godjam are saved.

Andrea Doria takes Tunis for the account of Charles Quint.
Mohamed Bandan, a son of Omar, brother of the Askia Mohammed, goes up on the throne of the Songhaï to died of Moussa (fine in 1537). Courageous warrior, it attacks the kingdom of Kebbi, but is beaten by Kanta.

April 16th: Foundation of Puebla to the Mexico.
July 25th: Foundation of Santiago de Querétaro with the Mexico.
December 12th: Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin has a vision of the Virgin Mary in the form of the Vierge of Guadalupe.

Francisco Pizarro subjects the Empire INCA (fine in 1532), then in full civil war between Huascar and its half-brother Atahualpa.

Pizarro leaves fine January Panama with 183 men and 36 horses embarked in three caravel S. Poussé by the winds on the coasts of Ecuador, it plunders the area of Coaque. It receives reinforcements with Puerto Viejo (Belalcázar), close to the Cape San Lorenzo then on the island of Puna in the Baie of Guayaquil in April (Fernand De Soto, with 100 men). Tumbez falls after fifteen days from engagements. Pizarro learns there that the INCA empire leaves a civil war adverse Huascar has his/her Atahualpa half-brother, who controls with Quito and seems to carry it. Pizarro is taken by the natives for the son of Viracocha, Master of the lightning.

Discovered grounds constituting the current Ecuador by the conquistador Francisco Pizarro.
Ordás explores the Guianese coast and the Orénoque.

Foundation in India of évêché of Goa.
Victoire of Bahâdûr Shâh, sultan of the Gujerat, on the Portuguese with the assistance of a Turkish fleet.
Tabinshwehti succeeds his/her father Mingyinyo like king de Birmanie.

January 26th: Earthquake with Lisbon.
February 27th: The German Protestant princes, directed by Philippe de Hesse and the voter of Saxony, form the Ligue of Schmalkalden against Charles Quint (V) when it requires the application of the edict of Worms and restitution of the ecclesiastical goods. They obtain the protection of François Ier, combined with the Turks against the Austria, with the great scandal of Christendom.
July 2nd, Principality of Liege: Rivageois famished come to complain in front of the palate from the Prince-bishop. Érard of Marck shows relentless, makes hang the leaders and requires excuses of knees with the other participants.
September 22nd: Victoire of the king of Poland Zygmunt Stary on the prince of Moldavie Pierre IV Rareş with Battle of Obertyn (1531).

October 11th, War of Religion in Switzerland: The chief Protesting Ulrich Zwingli is killed with the second battle of Kappel against the Christian union of the Swiss cantons remained catholic.
October 24th: Christian II of Denmark, returned with Catholicism, tries to take again the throne of Denmark with troops lent by his/her brother-in-law, Charles Quint. The archbishop of Nidarós, Olaf Engelbriktsson, approaches him. Christian II launches a forwarding on the Norway, but its fleet is dispersed by the storm. It fails in front of the fortress of Askershus, close to Oslo, and is imprisoned by Frederic Ier of Denmark (1531 - 1532).
November 15th: The second peace of Kappel guaranteed to each Swiss canton its religion.
December 9th: Zwingli is replaced in Zurich by Henrich Bullinger, called by the Council of city.
December 17th: The Inquisition is established with the Portugal.

the king of Portugal secretly asks for to the pope the authorization of establish the Enquiry in Portugal. The December 17th, Frei Diogo de Silva, the confessor of the king, is officially named general inquisitor. At the same time, one prohibits the new Christians from leaving the country. The latter send to Rome as agent Duarte de Paz to support their cause with blow of bribe. De Paz manages to obtain from the pope the decision to suspend the establishment of the Holy Office and to prohibit any action of the Enquiry against the Marranes.

Vassili III of Russia seizes Kazan and places there a khan faithful to Moscow.
Reorganization of the Large Council of the Holy roman Empire (Council of State, the secret Council and the Council of finances).
the duchy of Tuscany becomes stronghold of Empire.
final Installation of the court and the government of the Netherlands to Brussels. Marie of Hungary is controlling of the Netherlands.
a code regulates the use of the Torture in Germany.
Fire of the cathedral of Nidarós.

February 11th: The king Henri VIII of England breaks the bonds with the Pape what is at the origin of the Église Anglican.

Meeting of the clergy in the Convocations of Canterbury and York. He recognizes Henri VIII “supreme leader of the English Church as much as Christ allows it”, which leaves the open door to an arrangement with the pope.

Thomas Cromwell enters to the Council deprived in England.
Ten “heretics” perish on roughing-hew it between 1531 and 1534 in England. Henri VIII persecutes the Baptiste S hard still than the Luthérien S.
Promulgation of the Poor Laws , of 1531 with 1601. They envisage a tax on all the hearths to come to assistance of most underprivileged.

June 9th: Jean of Laval becomes governor of Brittany (fine in 1543).
September 22nd: Died of Louise of Savoy. Its vast possessions in France of the center will be absorbed by the royal field.

the ordinance of Is-sur-Tille promulgated by François Ier, king de France, extends that of 1510, under Louis XII, with the Languedoc. The acts of justice must be returned, everywhere in France, vulgar languages (see also edict of Villers-Cotterêts).
Creation of general alms with Lyon to mitigate pauperism. Subsidized by the city, it distributes bread and gives care to the abandoned children and to the orphans.

In Ethiopia, the time is marked by the destruction of all the large buildings and treasures of the country, the destruction of the large monasteries and a great number of their manuscripts, except for some (Debra-Damo, Goundé-Goundié in the east of Adigrat, Naadir in the south of Aksoum, some hiding-places of the Lac Tanned and of the Lac Zouaï).

Speech over the first decade of Tite-Live , Machiavel.
Primatice, under the direction of Rosso Fiorentino, takes part in work of decoration of the Château of Fontainebleau at the request of François Ier.
Venus and the Love , fabric of Lucas Cranach Old the.

January 21st: Andrea del Sarto painter Florentin (Andrea d' Agnolo, born in 1486).
May 20th: Nicolas of Montmorency-Laval, known as '' Guy XVI of Laval '', count de Laval of 1500 at 1531, baron of Quintin and lord of Glazed. (° October 1st 1476).
October 11th: Ulrich Zwingli, reforming protesting Swiss.
November 24th: Œcolampade, humanistic and reforming German, with Basle (born in 1482).

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