1520

This page relates to the year 1520 Calendrier Julien.

Events

America

  • October 21st: The Portuguese navigator Jose Álvares Fagundes discovers Saint-Pierre-and-Miquelon.

  • the Spanish navigator Esteban Gómez would have discovered the Falkland Islands.

Africa

  • Battle of Jerba against the Christians. Aldine Khayr, beaten by the Spaniards, is cut off temporarily with Djidjelli.

  • the sultan of the Adal Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad, with the assistance of the emir Aboun-Ben-Adash, restores the order in the kingdom.

  • the Portuguese, who have as a project to seize Mecque by making the military junction with the emperor of Ethiopia, send an embassy since the India by the Red Sea.

    • the April 10th, Don Diego Lopes de Siqueira unloads, with Massaoua, Matthieu the Armenian which will guide a small troop directed by Don Rodrigo of Lima, and including/understanding, with the chaplain Francisco Alvarez, to organists, painters and a typographer. Matthieu dies as of the first days of the voyage, and the troop arrives with difficulties in the Choa at Debra-Libanos near the Emperor, by Yéha, Aksoum, Lalibela and the Lac Haïk. David II seems not very in a hurry to receive the embassy, whereas the queen Eléni, old, is not any more at the Court.
    • October 19th: The king ended up maintaining the delegates who obtain encouraging messages but without real political commitment, then set out again by Massaoua in 1526.
    • Of long month after, the news of the Portuguese embassy in Ethiopia is published in Europe ( Cartas das Novas… or Letter of the News which has summers sent to the King Our Lord on the Discovery of the Priest-Jean ). The envoys leave Ethiopia only in 1526, and Alvarez will publish in 1540 an account of their voyage, Veracious Information on the Grounds of the Priest-Jean , translated at once in all the languages of the occident.

Asia

  • May 19th: Victoire with Raichur, in India of Krishna Deva, king of the Vijayanagar, on Ismaïl Adilshah. The Bijapur is annexed. Krishna Deva controls the valleys of the Krishna and the Godavari.

  • the sultanate of Bahmanî is dismembered in five states, the Sultanats of Deccan.

  • Laos: Beginning of the reign of Phothisarath, king of the Lân-chang (fine in 1547). It increases the Laotian territory considerably and installs its capital with Vieng-chan.

  • a Portuguese forwarding started from Malacca under the direction of Jorge de Albuquerque, nephew of the Viceroy of the Indies Afonso de Albuquerque, attacks the Sultanat of Passed to in the north of the island Indonesia of Sumatra, keep silent the sultan Zainal Abidin and place on the throne a teenager of the royal family.

The Middle East

  • September 22nd: Beginning of the Othoman sultanate of Soliman the Magnificent the, it is the age of Or of Ottoman Empire (fine in 1566). Only sons of a slave tatare sold by Italian merchants of the Crimea, it succeeds his father easily.

  • Creation of eight beylerbeys with the head of the large districts (for the Europe, for the Egypt and six for the Asia, plus two for the Hungary after 1540). They have authority on the beys.
  • Revolt in Syria against the Othoman (1520-1521).

Europe

  • agricultural Crisis in Europe (1520 - 1523). Food shortages.

  • June 7th: Interview of François Ier of France and Henri VIII of England, with the Camp of the Gold Cloth, between Guînes and Ardres. The French will malhabilement humiliate malhabilement English, of which he wanted to however spare the friendship vis-a-vis powerful the Charles Quint, it is the reverse which will occur the November 21st 1521. Henri VIII gives up however under king de France.

France

  • May 20th: At the request of Amédée Jodon, canon of the the Ste Chapelle of Dijon, Adrien Gouffier, cardinal under Holy-Sabine, pontifical legate in France (since 1518), grants three years of Indulgence S to faithful which will attend the principal festivals of the year in the vault and will contribute by their gifts to the maintenance of the buildings and the ornaments.

Holy roman Empire

  • June 15th: Bubble Exsurge Dominates : the pope Leon X condemns the proposals of Luther and puts it in residence to retract under two months, under penalty of excommunication for heresy.
  • August 9th: After more than fifteen years of various operations and disappointed hopes, the Prince-bishop of Liege Érard of Marck is finally promoted cardinal, with the support of the new emperor Charles Quint whom it supported against François Ier during the countryside for the imperial election, but “its nomination will remain secret some time by regard for France” which regards Érard as its “enemy mortal”.
  • September 28th: With the Netherlands, wall cupboards prohibit the books heretics, allow the application of the edict of Worms and organize the Inquisition.
  • October 8th: Charles Quint governs Leuwen a religious ceremony during which the writings of Luther are flarings. Cologne, the new pontifical legate Jean Eck, contradictor of Luther, chairs also expiatory ceremonies.
  • October 23rd: Charles Quint is crowned king of the Romans with Aachen.
  • December 11th: With Wittenberg, Luther burns publicly the bubble Exsurge Domine , a book of canon law and works of Eck, definitively consuming its rupture with the Church.

  • the preacher Andreas Karlstadt, one of the Masters of Luther with Wittenberg, denies the Transsubstantiation and preaches against all the ceremonies. He wants to draw his inspiration only bible and encourages his students to burn their books and to take a trade. He is the first German priest to marry.

Spain

  • Charles Quint organizes the nobility Castilian: ten large of Spain (Enríquez, Hurtado de Mendoza, Guzman, etc), 45 barons, caballeros , hidalgos .
  • Mars: Departure of Charles Quint of Spain. Adrien of Utrecht becomes regent of Spain (fine in 1522).

  • Revolt of the comuneros in the kingdom of Castille until in 1521.

  • Heresy of the Alumbrados (Enlightened) in Castille News, in the medium of the criados of the Mendoza family, with Guadalajara, animated by Isabelle of Cruz, franciscaine and Pedro Ruiz de Alcaraz, of origin converses.

Scandinavia

  • the king Christian II of Denmark conquers the Sweden with the head of an army of mercenaries.
    • January 18th: The Swedes are hustled and driven back on the ices of the Lac Åsunden (Västergötland). The regent Sten Sture, wounded by a ball of gun, dies shortly after. The Swedish troops are beaten once again with Tviveden. The widow of the regent, Kristina Gyllenstierna, gathers resistance around it and calls for the aid the Poland and Danzig (February). But the Danes are victorious last once close to Uppsala.
    • Christian II contacts the archbishop Gustav Trolle released. The nobility and the clergy seek to get along with him, and the king is made admit like a kind of constitutional monarch. He promises leniency with the partisans of Sture.
    • the Danes triumph over last resistances to Stockholm. The king once forgets his promises in the city and made there acclaim like an absolute monarch. The shortly after his crowning in the Saint Nicolas's Day church of Stockholm, the king makes stop the chiefs of the party of Sture. He makes start a short lawsuit in heresy (the Swedish nobility accepted the illegal deposition and sacrilege of the archbishop) and the November 8th makes carry out 82 chiefs of the Swedish party Protestant ( the Blood bath of Stockholm ). The king leaves the city to visit the Swedish provinces ( Eriksgata ) and benefits from it to regulate his accounts with his enemies, then returns to the Denmark by leaving in Sweden a Government council directed by Stadholder, Didrik Slagheck.
  • the patriot Gustav Vasa, hostage of Christian II and wire of one of its victims, manages to escape from the Denmark to take refuge with Lübeck, then returns clandestinely in Sweden where it raises the Dalécarlie (January 1521).

Art & culture

  • Foundation of the college of the Three Languages to the the University of Louvain (Latin, Greek, Hebrew).
  • Opening of a college dedicated being studied theological and interpretation with Copenhagen, directed by the humanistic catholic reformist Poul Helgesen.
  • Yngsta krönika , chronicle treating of the history of the Sweden of 1452 with 1520.
  • Of papacy (June), Proclamation with the German nobility (August), Captivity in Babylon (September) and Small treaty of human freedom (November) of Martin Luther. It denounces there the distinction between the laic state and the ecclesiastical state, the monopoly of the clergy in the interpretation of the Writings and the privilege of the pope for the convocation of the councils. He opposes three principles to them evangelic: universal priesthood, intelligibility of the Writing by any believer, responsibility for all the faithful ones in the government of the Church.
  • Speech over the first decade of Tite-Live (1513 -1520), of Machiavel.
  • the Labyrinth of fortunes , Jean Bouchet, (1522)

  • Corrège paints with Parma its first frescos ( Diane on its tank ) in the living room of the abbess of the convent of Saint-Paul, Giovanna Piacenza. He works of 1520 with 1524 with the fresco the Rise of Christ in the cupola of the church of Saint-Jean-L' Evangelist, in Parma.
  • Transfiguration , last fabric of Raphaël.

Science & technology

  • the Italian Mathématicien Scipione Ferro develops a method to solve the cubic equations.

Economy & company

  • the first Loterie of state is organized in France.
  • the Chocolate and the Maïs are imported for the first time in Europe.

Births in 1520

Death in 1520

Be-X-old: 1520 Map-bms: 1520 Simple: 1520

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