1348

This page relates to the year 1348 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Africa

  • Demolished Mérinide Abû Al-Hassan with the Battle of Al-Kairouan in front of the revolt of the Arab tribes of the Tunisian South and the secession of Tripoli. It must take refuge with the Morocco.

Asia

  • the emir Kazgan détrône the khan of Transoxiane Dânich-mendiya and replaces it by the grandson of Douwa, the djaghataïde Bouyankouli. Kazgan restores the capacity of the feudal lords Turkish.

The Middle East

  • Génois attack Cérasonte in the empire of Trébizonde then the capital itself, which causes the imprisonment of all the Francs of the city.

Europe

  • January 25th: Venice undergoes a violent one earthquake who makes hundreds of victims and destroyed many buildings.

  • May 13rd: the Jewish district of Barcelona is plundered.
  • June 4th: Barnim III Large the obtains king of the Romans Charles IV the recognition of the Western Poméranie as a Fief of the Saint Germanic Empire Roman, which draws aside the threat of the Brandebourg.
  • June 9th: The Pape Clément VI buys Avignon with the queen of Jeanne of Naples, which is also countess of Provence.
    • Jeanne of Naples is cleared in the business of the assassination of her husband André III of Hungary by the pope Clément VI. It sells to him Avignon for 80.000 francs to finance the reconquest of Naples.
  • July 6th: Bubble of the pope Clement VI of protection of the Jewish .
  • September: The Jewish of Chillon, on the Lake Léman, are tortured until they acknowledge to have poisoned the wells. Their confessions cause the fury of the rabble which is devoted to massacres and expulsions. Three hundred communities are destroyed or expelled. Six thousand Jews are killed with Mainz, two thousand are burned with Strasbourg… Of many Jews flee towards the east, in Poland and Lithuania.
  • November 19th: Guillaume Mahé, is named bishop of Saint-Malo. There will remain to it a few months, until its death the March 20th 1349.

  • Pierre the Ceremonious crushes the rebellion of the Union of noble and the towns of Aragon. It must grant autonomy to the Catalogne which had helped it in its fight.
  • Charles Grimaldi buys Roquebrune.
  • Countryside of Magnus Eriksson, king of Sweden, in the isthmus of Karelia in Finland (fine in 1362).
  • Casimir III of Poland fails against the two dukes Piast of Silesia who prefer to remain under the suzerainty of the Bohemia. This area, richest and the most populated kingdom, escapes the Poland definitively.
  • In the east, Casimir III of Poland seizes after a long war the duchy Halicz 1348 with 1366.
  • Beginning of the construction of the new city of Prague (Karlstadt) by the emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg. The city will become the third town of Europe, after Constantinople and Paris.

  • Pskov is detached from Novgorod and becomes another commercial republic.

See also: Black Death

  • Continuation of the epidemic of Plague in Europe: 25 million victims in Europe (as much in Asia). Transmitted by the boats génois as of 1347, it is spread in the Mediterranean ports before spreading in Western Europe. Arrived at Marseilles in end 1347, it devastates the Provence, goes up the valley of the the Rhone (Avignon) to reach Paris in August at the speed of 75 km per days. Half of the population of France is touched. In Spain, the plague could decimate to two thirds of the population, in particular that of the Aragon (nine waves between 1348 and 1401).
    • the plague causes riots anti-semites in Provence. The synagog of Saint-Rémy-of-Provence is burnt. It will be rebuilt out of the city as of 1352. Juifs are burned with Serres, in Dauphiné. Massacre Juifs, shown to propagate the plague, in Navarre and Castille. The Ashkenazes of Germany are victims of Pogrom are.
    • the plague reaches the Austria (1348 - 1349). 40  000 victims with Vienna. 25 to 35% of the population is decimated. Series of earthquakes. The people, taken of panic, are caught some at the Jewish communities suspected of having diffused the epidemic. Albert Wise the must intervene to protect its subjects Juifs.
    • the Black Death reaches the England (1348 - 1349). London is devastated in December 1349. The English population is reduced by 30% between 1348 and 1369. The reduction of the labor transforms the agricultural economics seigneuriale. Vast grounds pass to the breeding and agricultural labor knows for the first time a kind of freedom.

Art & culture

  • April 7th: Foundation of the Université Charles of Prague
  • the writer Italy N Boccace ( Giovanni Boccaccio ) starts to work on the Décaméron .

  • After 1348, painting florentine changes. A new style appears, less narrative, more attached to the ritual or supernatural aspects. The topics approached insist on the omnipresence of death, “large reaper”, dances macabre, lying skeletal.

Science & technology

  • mechanical Clock of the castle of Dover. Regulator of rocker of Dondi.

Economy & company

  • the house of bank florentine of the Alberti has a branch with Constantinople.
  • Casimir III Large the offers its protection to the Juifs driven out rest of Europe. Casimir opens his kingdom to them and organizes their reception by specifying their rights. A “Jewish city” is founded with Cracow beyond the the Vistula. It is in the Polish agglomerations that the Jews, which spoke a German dialect, work out the Yiddish.

Births in 1348

Death in 1348

  • with Orvieto of the sculptor and architect Italy N Andrea da Pontedera, known as Andrea Pisano.

  • April 9th, with Munich (or 1349): Guillaume d' Ockham, apparently of the plague, whereas he sought to reconcile with the pope Clément VI, of the philosopher and nominalist theologist (born v. 1285) known as the Doctor Invincibilis and the Venerabilis Inceptor .
  • painters of the school of His Ambrogio Lorenzetti (1285 - v.1348) and Pietro Lorenzetti (v. 1280-v. 1348).
  • the painter Bernardo Daddi.
  • Giovanni Villani, Florentin chronicler (born in 1275). After having travelled in Italy, France and Flanders, it is fixed at Florence (1312) where it holds of important municipal functions. Its Nouvelle Chronicle ( Nuova Cronica ) recalls the economic life, civic and social of Florence of the origins at 1348 (continued until in 1364).

Be-X-old: 1348 Map-bms: 1348 Simple: 1348

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