1241

This page relates to the year 1241 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Europe

Poland

  • February 13rd: The Mongolian chief Batu Qân crosses the the Vistula on the ice then made set fire to Cracow deserted by his inhabitants.
  • April 9th: Batu overcomes a coalition of Pole and Germans directed by Henri II the Piles, duke of Silesia, with the battles of Wahstatt close to Legnica in Silesia where Henri II finds death. Low-Silesia is parcelled out. The defeat of the German and Polish knighthood involves the Mongolian conquest of Hungary and Poland.

Hungary

  • April 11th: Victoire of the Mongolian S on the Hungarian with Mohi, extreme point of the Mongolian projection in Europe.
    • Batu qan takes Pest. The Mongols plunder the country and massacre part of the population. Béla IV of Hungary must take refuge near prince Frederic of Austria, which instead of helping it, benefits from the occasion to tear off three counties to him. It takes then the way of the Dalmatie and settles in Trau (Torgir), while waiting for the assistance of the Occident.
  • July: Batu reached Neustadt meadows of Vienna.

Russia

  • the bishop of Przemysl, Memmon, must flee the city to have plotted against the prince. Caught up with by the troops of Daniel, it is stopped in possession of many richnesses.
  • the Chevaliers carry-swords take Izborsk and Pskov and threaten Novgorod.
  • Beginning of the reign of Batu Khan, Mongolian chief of the Horde of Gold (until in 1245).
    • Batu qan establishes its capital with Saraï on low the the Volga (close to current the Volgograd) and founds the Horde of Gold or Khanat de Qiptchaq. The khans of the Gold Horde will reign on the Western Siberia and the south of the Russia until the 16th century (1241 - 1480). The habits, the laws and the government of Tatars are imposed everywhere. The area of Kiev is almost completely depopulated because of the massacres and the escape towards the west of the survivors. A group, influenced culturally by the Poles and the Lithuanians, becomes the Belorusse or Russian White. A second group, formed by the Slavic population of Kiev and the surrounding areas, becomes the Little Russian language or Malorusses. The area of Kiévie, influenced by foreign languages and habits which were superimposed on the initial traditions, is called Ukraine. The inhabitants of Russia of North become the independent group of Slavic Russians, the Large-Russians, mainly influenced by the various branches of the Finno-ugric population.
    • the oulous of Batu is divided into three independent parts. Batu and its court are established in summer on the central territory in the area of the the Volga, close to the Kama and old the Bolgar. In winter, they establish their campings more in the south, the site of Saraï on low the the Volga. The brother of Batu, Orda, receives in prerogative the area is Aral to the towns of Sugnak and Otrar and with north to the mountains Oulogtag. Another brother of Batu, Cheyban, receives the territories of the south and the south-east of the southernmost Ural.

The Baltic/Scandinavia/Iceland

  • March 28th: Beginning of the reign of Erik IV Plogpenning (1216 - 1250), king of Denmark. It makes at the same time the war with his brother Abel and in Estonia.
    • After the death of Valdemar II, the Denmark through a long crisis: political lowering, economic regression especially in the campaigns while the Danish cities undergo the competition of the German cities of the Hanse.
  • September 23rd: The writer and politicking Icelandic Snorri Sturluson, shown treason with the Norwegian cause, is assassinated in his farm of Reykjaholt by his own sons-in-law on order of the king of Norway Haakon IV. The king confiscates his grounds.

  • the dukes of Slesvig behave like independent sovereigns.
  • Law jutlandaise.
  • a pact is signed between Hamburg and Lübeck for the safety of the trade within the framework of the Hanse Teutonique. The treaty envisages the common control of the way connecting the Baltique to the the North Sea. This alliance, reinforced later by other agreements, gives to its signatories a strong position in the trade with the North-West of Europe.

Italy

France

  • the King de France Louis IX holds a “large court” with Saumur.
  • Revolt against the King de France Louis IX of the Count of Walk, Hugues de Lusignan, of the Count de Toulouse, Raymond VII, with the support of the King d' Angleterre, Henri III.
  • Alphonse of France, brother of the king, becomes count of Poitou and Auvergne.

Worsen Byzantine

Asia

The Middle East

  • Revolt turkmene socio-nun in Anatolia (Baba Ishak).
  • Richard de Cornouailles, relative of Frederic II, in favor of Egyptian alliance, obtains from the sultan Malik Al-Salih Ayyoub (1240 - 1249) the renewal of the treaty of 1229 and the restitution of additional territories (the area of Sidon, the Eastern Galileo with Tibériade, country of Jaffa and Ascalon) which return to the kingdom Jerusalem its borders of 1187. After its departure the barons Guelfes turn on the contrary to the sultan of Damas threatened by have-Salih Ayyoub and obtain the promise of additional restitutions from it.

Births in 1241

Death in 1241

Be-X-old: 1241 Map-bms: 1241 Simple: 1241

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