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The ataraxie (of the Greek ἀταραξία , ataraxía meaning “absence of disorders”) appears initially at Démocrite and indicates the peace of the heart resulting from the moderation and the harmony of the Existence.

The ataraxie becomes then the principle of the Bonheur (hêdonê) in the Stoïcisme, the epicureanism and the skepticism. It comes from a state of deep Quiétude, rising from the absence from very turbid or pain. This concept appears at the time of Épicure.

In skepticism

Within the school skeptic, the ataraxie is the result of the épochè, the suspension of the approval or the judgment. It consists in the fact, thanks to the absence of dogmatic judgments, not to know its desires and its fears. The skeptics think that the value of the ataraxie lies in its character of absence of knowledge, i.e. skepticism preaches the idea that knowledge is not necessary to the action, but that on the contrary these are the convictions which paralyze us.

In the epicureanism

For Épicure, the reflection on happiness is impossible to circumvent because the existence of human very whole is dominated by the investigation into the causes which produce it. Épicure teaches to distinguish the forgeries from truths pleasures: “let us say that the pleasure is the goal of the life, we do not speak about the pleasures of the put out of order man, nor of those which consist in the material pleasures, as write it people who are unaware of our doctrines, or which fight it and take it in a bad direction. The pleasure of which we speak is that who consists, for the body, not to suffer and, for the heart”.

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