.22 Long Riffle

The Munition of .22 Long Riffles is without the most widespread question all over the world. It is a Caliber with annular percussion (the composition of starting being contained in the pad of the cartridge) of 5,56 millimetres, appeared in 1887. He was directly extrapolated Short .22 (or .22 Shorts) and .22 Length under the impulse of the American mark Arms & Tool Company and was manufactured by Peters (the United States) for the munitions factory Stevens of the same nationality.

This small gauge with the originality and the immense advantage of being at the same time very economic, very precise, with very little retreat and a weak detonation, and it is used indifferently for the rifles, the revolvers, the guns with a blow and the guns semi-automatic. These weapons are used for the sporting shooting above all, with 25 meters (Standard Gun, Pistolet Sport Ladies, Pistolet “Olympic Speed” for disciplines UIT-ISSF), 50 meters (Rifle small gauge laid down position, Carabine “3 positions”, Free Pistolet) and up to 100 meters for the shooting on metal silhouettes, but also for the destruction of the small classified as animals “harmful”, and for the shooting reduces military.

The cartridge .22 Long Riffles standard comprises a lead bullet of 2,6 grams (40 grains) propelled at approximately 330 meters a second in a long gun of rifle and 290 meters a second in a gun court of gun. It develops 137 joules with the mouth, that is to say 14 kgm.

There exist very many loadings, going from the .22 subsonic LR to the .22 LR “Stinger” of mark CCI (Projectile of 2,07 grams out of coppered lead with hollow point propelled with 500 meters a second delivering 259 joules either 26 kgm) while passing by the .22 LR “High Velocity” at high speed initial (ball of 2,46 grams to 390 meters a second, 177 joules or 18kgm).

An incalculable number of marks manufactures this small gauge used by all (hunters, soldiers, gunners), for memory, quote: Eley (Great Britain), Remington, Winchester, CCI (the United States), Geco-RWS (Germany), Lapua (Finland), Fiocci (Italy), Armscor (Filipino), Aguila (Mexico)… In the same way, one could not count the manufacturers of rifles, revolvers and guns confining this ammunition (Winchester, Smith & Wesson, Hämmerli, Ruger, Browning, Feinwerkbau, Walther, Beretta, Weihrauch, Baïkal…)

It should be noted that it is possible to fire in the weapons barrack rooms into .22 LR the ammunition of .22 Bosquette, .22 Short and .22 Length (but the semi-automatic weapons will then require often a manual rearmament), other than the .22 Magnum, which has a broader case and more length prohibiting any passage in a room to him of .22 LR.

The ammunition of .22 Length (ball of 1,8 gram propelled at 220 meters a second, developing 44 joules with the mouth, is 5 kgm) which is at the origin of the .22 Long Riffles, itself is extrapolated of the .22 Court appeared in 1855, manufactured for the very first revolvers of Smith & Wesson of 1857 (originally charged with 0,18 gram of blasting powder, currently in charge with the powder without smoke propelling the ball of 1,8 gram to 260 meters a second for an energy of 61 joules is 7kgm, which is higher than the .22 Length because the latter is generally proposed in version “.22 Long Z”, i.e. without powder, starting alone ensuring propulsion of the projectile), which derives it even from the very first ammunition with annular percussion, the .22 Bosquette and the 6 mm Bosquette of the Parisian arms manufacturer Louis Nicolas Flobert, created in 1845.

Lastly, recently, the .22 LR gave birth, by hammering of its collet to 4,31 millimetres, with the ammunition of .17 Mach 2, offering a ball of 1,1 gram propelled at 530 meters a second delivering 155 joules (16 kgm) of energy to the mouth.

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