-63

This page relates to the year -63 Calendrier Julien proleptic.

Events

Rome

  • “ Pro Murena ” of Cicéron to defend the propretor of Gaulle, elected consul in -62 and shown of electoral fraud.

  • Law Tullia against the venality of the electorate (law on aspires to).
  • Cicéron is opposed by three speeches to the agrarian private bill of the powerful orator Servilius Rullus who envisaged the allotment of the ager campanus and 5000 colonist sending.
  • Financial crisis in Rome: the Roman banks require the immediate payment of all the debts outstanding. The speculation pushes to the extreme the housing shortage in Rome.
  • the druid of the Éduens Diviciacos presents in front of the Roman Sénat to negotiate a military aid against the German ones.

  • Beginning of the plot or Conspiracy of Catilina to seize the capacity with Rome (fine in -62).
  • Speech of Cicéron and measurements against Catilina.
    • the conspiracy of Catilina is supported by the people affected by a crisis of supply and the noble ones ruined by the compulsory sales of their grounds. Catilina promises the abolition of the debts, the proscription of the rich person and the magistratures. He claims to have the support of Rammer in Spain citérieure, of P. Sittius de Nucérie in Maurétanie and of the consul C. Antonius. He aspires to the consulate for -62 but the candidates of the preserving faction, D. Junius Silanus and L. Murena are elected. Catilina is solved with the civil war. It sends C. Manlius to Faesules in Etrurie, Septimus de Camerinum in the Picenum, C. Julius in Apulie and others still to raise the people. In Rome, he endeavors to sow the disorder. He brings together the chiefs of the conspiracy which decides the assassination of Cicéron. But the conspiracy is thwarted by Cicéron, prevented trap that one tended to him. Uncovered by Cicéron into full Senate, Catilina leaves Rome to join the army of Manlius, whereas its partisans (Statulius, Gabinius, Cethegus) have the role of raising and of setting fire to the city. The Senate votes the ultimate senatus consult (martial law). Entreated remained in Rome, which was long in acting, are stopped the December 3rd. The December 5th, the Senate votes their death sentence, in spite of the call to the leniency of César, and Cicéron the fact of carrying out immediately. Catilina remains in exile with Pistoia.

Minor Asia

  • Bridge, Paphlagonie and Bithynie in Rome.

  • Lucullus and Pompée demolishes fine Mithridate VI putting at the Third war of Mithridate.
  • Beginning of the reign of Pharnace II, king of the the Bosphorus Cimmérien (fine in -47)
    • Mithridate, withdrawn in the Crimea in its kingdom of the the Bosphorus, dream to take the offensive against Rome by the valley of the Danube. But its subjects revolt. His/her Pharnace son decides against him. Given up of all, Mithridate tries to be poisoned, but it had taken the precaution to be made immunize against the poisons. It is made give death by one of its soldiers Galates.
    • Pharnace II, wire of Mithridate, having pushed this last with the suicide, receives Romans rewards the kingdom for it for the the Bosphorus Cimmérien.
  • Pompée proceeds to a general reorganization of the East which retains it two years. It annexes the Pont and lays out in favor of princes customers of the remainder of Asia Mineure. The Syria and the Phénicie are reduced in Roman provinces, the Commagène and the Osroène is given to vassal princes.

The Middle East

  • the governor of Judaea Antipater is combined with the Romains which had remained for one century in the area.
  • Pompée arrives at Damas at spring and takes the party of Hyrcan II. Aristobule II, overcome by Pumped in Jerusalem (autumn), is imprisoned in Rome. The uncle d' Aristobule, Absalom, resists for three months on the mount of the Temple then is overcome. Pumped saving the Temple of Jerusalem and its treasures. Hyrcan II, confirmed ethnarque and high priest, loses the title of king (fine in -40). The Judaea becomes a Roman protectorate and must pay a tribute.
  • Formation of the Décapole (fine in 106), confederation of ten city-state in Jordan of which Philadelphia (Amman) and Gérasa (Jérash).
  • Décapole, the Samarie and the cities of the coast are attached to the Roman province of Syria under the responsibility of Scaurus.

Arts & cultures

  • lyric Poetry of Catulle on its love for Lesbia.
  • Lucullus builds with Rome its large gardens with statues.

Sciences and technology

  • Tiron, slave of Cicéron, taking as a starting point the Greek notes, invents its own method of Sténographie.

Births in -63

Death

Be-X-old: 63 дан.э

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