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See also: Hiram

Hiram , sent by Hiram Ier, king of Tyr, appears, in the Biblical story, under the reign of Solomon, king of Israel and wire of David. Its name is evoked in the Bible (I Kings, 7:13 ): specialist in the work of the bronze, “filled of wisdom, intelligence and knowledge”, it occupied himself, at the request of Solomon, of the decoration of the Temple (“the house of the Eternal”). He moulded the two columns with their capital and drew up Yakîn (or Jachin, the column of right-hand side) and Boaz (or Bohaz, that of left) close to the hall of the Temple. He also designed ten tanks which rested on bases with the carved amounts; twelve oxen which supported a cast iron Sea; cauldrons and chalices. This temple was destroyed by the army of the Chaldée NS and bronze was carried with Babylon. In the biblical chapter of the Chronic (), Hiram is called “Houram-Abi”, he knows “all the art of engraving and the manufacture of all the objects”. The history of Hiram, the craftsman, stops there. In the Greek Mythology, it could evoke Héphaïstos, him also manufacturer of the divine tool.

The myth of Hiram

However, as from the 18th century, the life and the death of Hiram, enriched by the legends, become a initiatory Mythe which inspires the ritual maconnic. According to the mythical account, Hiram (or Hiram Abif) was assassinated at the end of work of the Temple (towards 1570 before our era) by three companions to have refused to give them the secret word. These three men, posted with a door different from the Temple, claimed to him, under the threat, the secret word. Hiram was keep silent, estimating that time had not come. The first struck it of a blow of rule the throat, the second of a blow of iron square the left center and the last completed it of a blow of mallet on the face. The companions buried the Master without knowing the secrecy. Convinced then of the uselessness of their crime, they planted a branch of acacia on the tomb.

The allegorical reading of the myth shows that Hiram loses its physical life (the throat), its love life (the heart) and its spiritual life (the face), because of Ignorance, Hypocrisy and the Desire which its assassins appear. It will reappear (acacia) thanks to its antithetic qualities: knowledge, the Tolerance and the Detachment.

In the maconnic ceremonies, the member elect under Master is identified in Hiram: he must initially “die” to reappear, invested qualities of the Master. The “secrecy” is to only become interior, spiritual transformation in a process of individuation. In this direction, it is incommunicable. Thus, Freemasonry recognizes in Hiram a Master founder. In addition, today still, the two columns of the temple maconnic have as models the supposed achievements of Hiram for the Temple of Solomon which were to be inspired themselves by the two obelisks preceding the entry by the Temples by ancient Egypt.

Moreover, the Freemasons are identified symbolically like the “children of the widow”. This expression also returns to Hiram; the precise Bible, indeed, which he is “the son of a widow of the Tribu of Nephthali”. The absence of father seems recurring in the Mythologie S and the Religion S. Ainsi, Horus is the posthumous son of Osiris. No the paternal presence either in the history of Krishna, Mithra, Sargon or Brace. In the same way, Anne, the mother of Marie, is widowed and sterile. She profits from a divine intervention to design the mother of Christ.
En term of psychoanalysis, the figure of the father inhibits: it represents the law, the domination of the instinctive forces and the traditional authority. Deprived of father, the “wire of widow” (or virgin) are innovators; they represent the new forces of change.

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The myth of Hiram

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